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Good morning!

Good morning!. Please grab your text book from the shelf. 2. Also, I HAVE graded the quizzes and will call you up at the END of class to look at your grade. I will not pass them back until everyone has taken it or made it up…please do not ask. Human Geography: Elements of Culture.

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Good morning!

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  1. Good morning! • Please grab your text book from the shelf. 2. Also, I HAVE graded the quizzes and will call you up at the END of class to look at your grade. I will not pass them back until everyone has taken it or made it up…please do not ask.

  2. Human Geography:Elements of Culture Learning Goals: Explain different economic and government systems Analyze major religions Explain how urban areas develop

  3. Population Geography

  4. Population Distribution Where are these people? Not evenly spread out throughout the world. Almost 90% of the population lives in the Northern Hemisphere! Why is this area well-suited for a large population? Weather is warm enough and wet enough to make agriculture possible!

  5. Population Density: helps geographers understand how heavily populated an area is

  6. Explain how urban areas develop…

  7. Growth of Urban Areas • Today, much of the population of the world lives in cities. • Cities are often the birthplace of innovation and change within a society.

  8. Urban Areas • Suburbs: the built-up area around the central city

  9. Urbanization: the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result. • Why have cities grown over the past 2 centuries? People looking for work!!

  10. What is Culture? • Culture: • The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group. • What do the following have in common? • We SHARE and BORROW from ALL cultures around the world! Education Security Language Gov't Food Friends/Family Religion Shelter Relationships

  11. Example of Sharing / Borrowing Middle eastern plant Pigs domesticated in Eastern Asia “Classic” American Breakfast Coffee with cream & sugar, eggs & bacon Domestication of cows and the idea of milking them comes from the Near East Birds domesticated in Indo-China Sugar was first made in India

  12. Innovation – taking existing technology and resources and creating something new Acculturation – When society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation More Words to help us understand Culture Cultural Hearth – A site of innovation From which basic ideas, Materials, and Technology diffuse to Many cultures Diffusion – The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior

  13. Changing Culture? • QUESTION: Does culture EVOLVE or remain the SAME? • ANSWER: Culture is ALWAYS changing! • Change can occur or Slowly Rapidly

  14. Language • Helps to build cultural identity • Builds group identity and unity among those speaking the SAME language. • Impact of multiple languages within a or culture: • Can lead to divisions among people • Ex: Canada (French and English)

  15. Language • How many languages are spoken throughout the world? • Between 3,000 and 6,500 • What is the term for different versions of a language spoken within a culture? • DIALECT! • Examples: Southern drawl, Boston accent, and street slang

  16. Religion • Very influential in cultures • Religion Categories: • Monotheistic • Belief in one god • Polytheistic • Belief in many gods • Animistic • Belief indivine forces in nature(more traditional)

  17. Major Religions • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Hinduism • Buddhism • Confucianism • Taoism • Shinto • How religions spread throughout the world: • Religion spreads through diffusion and converts.

  18. FAITH FOLLOWERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD… These are estimations!!

  19. Religions and Region

  20. Judaism: Oldest of the Southwest Asian religions Concentrated in Israel Established more than 3,200 years ago Oldest monotheistic religion Basic laws & teachings come from Torah (Holy book) Christianity: Evolved from the teachings of Judaism (2,000 yrs. ago) Monotheistic Based on teachings of Jesus Christ (Son of God to Christians) New Testament of Bible Found on every continent Groups: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox Religions

  21. Islam: Based on teachings of Prophet Muhammad Monotheistic God is Allah (Arabic) Close ties to Judaism and Christianity Holy Book = Qur’an 2 major divisions: Sunni and Shiite Hinduism: One of the world’s oldest religions (dates back 5,000 years) “Ethnic” religion (India) Polytheistic One or many gods represent an aspect of the divine spirit, Brahman Includes a Caste system (shapes lives and culture) Religions

  22. Hindu Caste System

  23. Religions • Buddhism: • Offshoot of Hinduism • Developed in India (563 B.C.) • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha/Enlightened One) • Rejected Hindu caste system • Focused teachings on correct way to live to reach enlightened spiritual state called NIRVANA

  24. Who is in charge here?!?!?!?! Theocracy (Rule by God and his representatives) and other religions too; also can force convert other non-religious person in any type in this system Parliamentary democracy (rule by the popular vote through parliament) Feudalism (Rule by lord/king) Fascism (Rule by a leader) Oligarchy (Rule by a few) Military government (Rule by military) Aristocracy (Rule by nobles) Plutocracy (Rule by money) Communism (Rule by workers) Socialism (Rule by equality) Anarchism (Rule by no one) Democracy (Rule by the popular vote) Monarchy. (Rule by one person) Monarchies are one of the oldest political systems known, developing from tribal structure with one person the absolute ruler. Meritocracy (Rule by best) only practiced by a few parties in the world Technocracy (Rule by experts) Republic (Rule by non-monarch) The first recorded republic was in India in the 6th century BC (BCE). Sultanate (Rule by one person and Allah) an Islamic political structure combining aspects of monarchy and theocracy

  25. Types of Government • Representative Democracy: Citizens hold political power; “Rule by the People” (U.S.) • Monarchy: A ruling family, headed by a king or queen, holds political power (UK) • What is a constitutional monarchy?

  26. Dictatorship: An individual or group holds COMPLETE political power (North Korea, Cuba) • Military dictatorship: where the government resides within the military.

  27. Economic Systems • Traditional: “Barter”; trade without use of money • Command: Government determines and owns all means of production • Market: “Capitalism”; based on Supply and Demand—consumers play large role • Mixed: Combination of command and market

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