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Computer Software

4. Computer Software. Computer Software. System Software. Application Software. General- Purpose Programs. Application- Specific Programs. System Management Programs. System Development Programs. Categories of Computer Software.

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Computer Software

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  1. 4 ComputerSoftware

  2. Computer Software System Software Application Software General- Purpose Programs Application- Specific Programs System Management Programs System Development Programs Categories of Computer Software

  3. A software suite or application suite is a collection of computer programs —usually application software or programming software— of related functionality, often sharing a more-or-less common user interface and some ability to smoothly exchange data with each other. Groupware: software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users. The graphical user interface (GUI /ˈɡuːi/ GOO-ee) is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

  4. First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration User-Written Programs Machine Languages Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages Operating Systems High-Level Languages DBMS Fourth-Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools Trends in Computer Software

  5. Common General- Purpose Applications • Electronic Mail (is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication.) • Word Processing (the production, storage, and manipulation of text on a computer or word processor.) • Presentation Graphics (is a software package used to display information in the form of a slide show.) • Multimedia (the use of a variety of artistic or communicative media.) • Personal Information Manager (a computer program functioning as an address book, organizer, calendar, etc.) • Groupware (software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users.)

  6. A Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet • Discussion Groups • Surf the Net • Searches • E-Mail • Multimedia (File Transfer)

  7. Surf the Net Launch Information Searches Discussion Groups Typical uses of a Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Environments Multimedia File Transfer E-Mail Web Browsers

  8. Database Development Database Interrogation Primary Tasks of Database Management Packages Application Development Database Maintenance Database Management Packages

  9. Key Multimedia Technologies • Videos • Video Capture Card • Storyboard • Digital Video Interactive • Video Editing System • Authoring Language • Sound • Sound Board • MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) • Digital Audio • Compressed Audio • Delivery • Compact Disk Interactive • Web Platform (Flash)

  10. Accounting and Financial Management Supply Chain Management Customer Relationship Management Business Decision Support Enterprise Resource Planning Human Resource Management Business Enterprise Application Software

  11. User Interface Resource Management Task Management File Management Utilities and Other Functions Functions of an Operating System

  12. Machine Languages Use binary coded instructions High Level Languages Use brief statements Markup Languages Use embedded control codes 1001 1001 1100 1101 <H1>First heading</H> <!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)> Compute X = Y + Z Assembler Languages Use symbolic coded instructions Fourth Generation Languages Use natural statements Object-Oriented Languages Define objects that contain data and actions SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS LOD Y ADD Z Document.write (“Hi There”) Categories of Programming Languages

  13. Languages • Machine Language: Binary • A high-level language is a programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages. • Markup languages are designed for the processing, definition and presentation of text. The language specifies code for formatting, both the layout and style, within a text file. The code used to specify the formatting are called tags. HTMLis a an example of a widely known and used markup language. • Assembly language is a more human readable view of machine language. Instead of representing the machine language as numbers, the instructions and registers are given names (typically abbreviated words, or mnemonics, eg ld means "load"). Unlike a high level language, assembler is very close to the machine language.

  14. Compiler • Interpreter • Assembler 1001101 1110101 0010110 IF A := B THEN Language Translator Program Source Program Language Translation Process Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc. Machine Language Object Program Programming Language Translation

  15. Types of language translators • Compilers: • Language translator that converts an entire program into machine language before execute it. • Interpreters: • Translate one line of code at one time. • Assemblers: • Converts assembly language programs into machine language.

  16. Chapter Summary • Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system. • Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories. • System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs. The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs. • An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU. • There are 5 major levels of programming languages. Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions.

  17. Chapter Objectives • Describe several important trends occurring in computer software. • Give examples of several major types of application and system software. • Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing. • Outline the functions of an operating system. • Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation, object-oriented, and Web-oriented programming languages and tools.

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