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PC Support & Repair

PC Support & Repair. Chapter 1 Intro to the Personal Computer. Objectives. After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: Explain IT industry certifications. Describe a computer system. Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of: Cases and power supplies.

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PC Support & Repair

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  1. PC Support & Repair Chapter 1 Intro to the Personal Computer

  2. Objectives • After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: • Explain IT industry certifications. • Describe a computer system. • Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of: • Cases and power supplies. • Internal components. • Ports and cables. • Input devices. • Output devices. • Explain system resources and their purposes.

  3. A+ Certification? • What is it? • Describe the cert, tests, jobs, etc.

  4. Computer System • What does it consist of?

  5. Case • Form factor • Desktop or tower • Other names: chassis, box • Protects internal components • Case fans keep equipment cool • Case grounds equipment

  6. The Case • Designed to protect devices & keep them cool • Case fans move air through • Case protects from static electricity • Size & shape determined by MB, PS, & components • Form factor- desktop or tower • Towers can be slim, mid, or full-sized

  7. How to Choose a Case • Desktop or Tower • Type of motherboard determines the case you can use • Size & shape of motherboard MUST match exactly • More components means you need a bigger case • MUST have enough airflow • Consider the space where the case will be • Smaller case= less components too • MUST match power rating & connector to the motherboard • You have the option of choosing a specific case design • LEDs on the outside of case tell you what’s going on • HD activity, power, sleep mode • More components means you need more vents to dissipate heat

  8. Power Supplies- AT, ATX, ATX12V • Converts AC (wall) to DC (computer) • DC is lower voltage • Must be able to power all components & extra as will as fit the form factor of case • Rated in Watts • 250-650 watts avg. • Add up components • Get more than you need • What does a UPS do?

  9. Power Supplies • What’s this?

  10. Component Connectors • Keyed • Fits one way only • Color Cables & Power • Yellow +12v • Blue -12v • Orange 3.3v • Red +5v • White -5v • Black 0v GROUND

  11. Power Supply to Motherboard • Current: 20 or 24 pin • Older: P8 & P9 • Could plug in wrong & fry MB

  12. Molex Power Connector • Power Supply to optical & HD • 4 pin • Only fits one way

  13. SATA Power Connector • Power Supply to optical & HD • Wider & thinner than Molex • 15-pin

  14. Berg Power Connector • Power supply to floppy drive

  15. Auxiliary Power Connector • Power supply to Motherboard for CPU • 4 or 8 pin

  16. PCIePower Connector • Power supply to PCI Express expansion cards • 6 or 8 pin

  17. Power Supplies • What’s this? • NEVER OPEN!! • CAPACITORSHOLD A CHARGEFOR A LONGTIME!!

  18. Project • Power Supply Handout • Identify connectors • Answer questions • Find a power supply Handout • Use the calculator

  19. Review- 3Q • Before you buy a new power supply, what should you consider? • Form factor of case & total watts of components • Before you buy a new case for your PC, what should you consider? • Size of motherboard & PS you have, how many components you have, available space, ventilation • You’re taking your desktop to England for your semester abroad. What do you need to do to ensure it powers on? • Switch the PS voltage to 220v

  20. Motherboards • Large circuit board • AKA system board or backplane • Buses to pass data • Form Factor • Size & shape

  21. AT Form Factor- OLD • Old desktops • P8 & P9 • Too big • Power-switched • Was also Baby AT

  22. ATX Form Factor- CURRENT • Smaller than AT • Integrated I/O connectors • 20/24-pin PS connector • Layout better • No OFF switch

  23. Smaller Form Factor- CURRENT • Micro ATX • Smaller with identical I/O panel • Same power connectors • Can be used in place of an ATX • Mini ITX • Very small • Uses little power (no fans needed) • One expansion slot

  24. Motherboards & Chipsets • Controls how components interact with CPU & MB • Sets max amount of memory that can be installed • Defines type of connectors on MB • Northbridge • RAM, Video, CPU • Southbridge • Hard drives, sound card, USB ports, and other I/O ports

  25. Project • Compare/contrast Motherboards

  26. Review- 4Q • What determines how much memory can be installed on a motherboard? • Chipset • What does the Northbridge chipset control? • Access to RAM, Video Card, CPU • What does the Southbridge chipset control? • HD, USB, Sound Card, I/O ports • AT or ATX…Which is a current standard? • ATX

  27. Review- 4Q • Other than ATX, what are 2 smaller, current motherboard form factors? • Micro ATX & Mini ITX • Which of these would determine by the form factor? SELECT 2 • Color, Size, How much memory it can take, shape • How many pin PS connector is on today’s MB? • 20 or 24 • Older AT MB connectors included what two? • P8 & P9

  28. CPU • Intel & AMD • Cycles per second • MHz (millions), GHz (billions) • Fits certain socket or slot • Pins insert into socket with ZIF • Newer CPU has no pins • Many types of sockets • Fit certain CPU, see chart

  29. CPU Types SLOT

  30. CPU • Executes instructions • While processing data, next set of instructions are stored in cache memory • Two architectures (how completes instructions) • Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) • Small set of instructions designed to execute rapidly • Old Apple CPUs • Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) • Broad set of instructions in fewer steps per operation • Intel & AMD

  31. CPU • Hyperthreading • Multiple pieces of code executed • Single CPU w/ hyperthreading performs like 2 CPUs • Front Side Bus (FSB) • Amount of data CPU can process • 32 or 64-bit • Overclocking • Speeding up CPU • Could damage it • Throttling • Slowing down CPU • Multi-core • More than one core on a single chip • Triple-core is a quad with one core disabled

  32. Cooling Systems • Stay cool • Heat will make it run slower & damage it • Case fan • Heat sink & fan for CPU • Graphics card can have fans for their GPU • Water-cooling

  33. Project • Chapter 1 CPU Questions

  34. Review- 3Q • Your motherboard has a 24-pin connection. What do you connect to this connection? • Power supply • In general, what component controls communications between the CPU and other components? • Chipsets (Northbridge & Southbridge) • What does the Northbridge do? • CPU communication to RAM and Video

  35. Review- 4Q • What type of motherboard would give you the largest amount of expansion slots? • ATX • What is hyperthreading? • CPU executes multiple code at once • If you’re removing the CPU, what would come out first? • Heat sink & fan • What do you call speeding up a CPU? • Overclocking

  36. ROM • On MB • Instructions for boot & load OS • Non-volatile • Can’t modify/erase normally • ROM- info stored when made OLD • PROM- info stored after made OLD • EPROM- info stored after made; erased with UV light • EEPROM- can be erased/rewritten on board (flash)

  37. RAM • Temp & volatile • More RAM= better performance • Max RAM depends on motherboard • DRAM & SRAM

  38. RAM • SRAM used for cache • More on this later • DDR SDRAM • DDR, DDR2, DDR3 • DDR3 SDRAM • Faster than DDR2 • Less power & heat

  39. Memory Modules • SIMM (OLD!) • 30 or 72 pin • DIMM (SDRAM) • 168 pin SDRAM • 184 pin DDR • 240 pin DDR2/DDR3 • SODIMM • Laptops • 72 ,144, 200, 204 pin

  40. Dual-Channel Slots • Allows memory controller to communicate with two DIMMs at once • Improves performance • Slots are colored in pairs • Each pair of RAM MUST match size, speed, etc.

  41. Memory Types & Speed • Measured in MHz (1333MHz) or PC rating (PC6400) • PC rating is bandwidth between RAM & CPU • 6400MB/second • Remember x8 or /8 • PC3-10600 Chip= DDR3, 10667Mbps, 1333MHz • PC3-12800 is how many MHZ? • 1600MHz • 1333MHz is what PC rating? • PC10667MB/sec

  42. Memory Types & Speeds

  43. Cache Memory • SRAM • CPU gets faster access to data • L1 • Built into CPU • L2 *** • Used to be next to CPU, now built in • L3 • Next to CPU • Used with high end CPU

  44. Memory Error Checking • Non parity *** • Kind used today • No error checking • Parity • One bit checks for errors • ECC • Server • Can detect multiple bit errors & correct them

  45. Project • Handout of what to look for in RAM (p208) • Research types of RAM • CPU cache • Online Memory Scanner

  46. Review- 3Q • There is a wide, 15-pin connector on your power supply. What device does it go to? • SATA device like a hard drive • What is the 4-pin optical drive power connector called? • Molex • Today’s ROM chips can be flashed. What kind of chip is it? • EEPROM

  47. Review- 4Q • What type of memory does not check for errors? • Non parity • What kind of memory is built into a CPU so it can have faster access to data in waiting? • Cache (L1) • Today’s DDR3 RAM is how many pins? • 240 • What kind of RAM is used for cache? • SRAM

  48. Adapter Cards • Expansion cards • Add extra functionality • Fit in a slot • Examples: • Sound Card, Video Card • USB, Parallel, Serial Ports • NIC, Wireless NIC

  49. Graphics Card • Have VRAM • GPU • Some GPUs integrated into the CPU • Only need a video card if doing advanced video tasks

  50. Types of Slots • Name & ID different cards • PCI 32 or 64 bit • AGP 32-bit video • PCIe replacing AGP • x1, x4, x8, x16 • ISA OLD 8 or 16 bit

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