ESPAÑOL O INGLÉS

1. ESPAÑOL O INGLÉS COGNATES

2. WHAT IS A COGNATE? • A word in two languages that is similar in meaning and most of the time similar in spelling too.

3. How do cognates help you learn another language? • Cognates help you to build your vocabulary. • Improve your reading skills. • Improve your listening and reading comprehension. • Help you to understand a conversation.

4. CATEGORIES • There are different categories of cognates. • I divided them into sixteen categories. • Sometimes you need to make slightly changes in spelling to translate your words into Spanish. • You will see how many words you already know in Spanish. You are going be amazed!

5. CATEGORY I • The first and easiest category is made up of words that end in OR. These words are most of the time identical in English and Spanish. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • The doctor • The actor • The interior El doctor El actor El interior

6. CATEGORY II • There is also a category of words that end in AL, these words are also most of the time identical. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Animal Animal • Musical músical • Rural rural • Special especial • Legal legal

7. CATEGORY III • In this category the words end in BLE. These are also identical in Spanish and English. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Cable Cable • Possible posible • Flexible flexible • Visible visible • Horrible horrible • Terrible terrible • Note that these words are stress on the next to the last syllabe.

8. CATEGORY IV • These category is made up of words that end in • IC in English. To change them in to Spanish you add “O” • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Public Público • Atlantic Atlántico • Artistic Artístico • Democratic democrático • For excellent pronunciation stress the syllable with the written accent mark.

9. CATEGORY V • These category is made up of words that end in • TOR in English. To change them in to Spanish you change “TOR” for “DOR” • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Acelerator Acelerador Generator Generador • Educator Educador • Dictator Dictador

10. CATEGORY VI • Another large category is made up of words that end in “ENT” or “ANT” If you simply add and “E” to these word, they instantly become Spanish words. • INGLESENTESPAÑOL • President presidente • Excellent excelente • Intelligent inteligente • Different diferente • These words are accented on the next to the last syllable. Example: inteli-GEN-te

11. ANT • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Important Importante • Elephant elefante • Consonant consonante • Restaurant restaurante • Significant significante • Abundant abundante

12. CATEGORY VII • Some words that end in “IST” in English are very easy to convert into Spanish, you just need to add an “A” to them. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Pianist Pianista • Capitalist capitalista • Artist artista • Optimist optimista • Novelist novelista • Oculist oculista

13. CATEGORY VIII • It is very easy to convert adjectives that end in “OUS” in English into Spanish. You just need to change the ending to “OSO” • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Furious furioso • Famous famoso • Religious religioso • Ambitious ambicioso • Curious curioso

14. CATEGORY IX • Words that end in “TION” are translate into Spanish with the ending “CION.” • T changes to C • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Civilization civilización • Constitution constitución • Generation generación • Invitation invitación • Institution institución • Construction construcción

15. CATEGORY X • You can convert many English words that end in “TY” into Spanish by changing the “TY” to “DAD”. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Curiosity curiosidad • Electricity electricidad • City ciudad • Personality personalidad • Variety variedad • Community comunidad • Humanity humanidad

16. CATEGORY XI • You can convert many English words that end in “RY” into Spanish by changing the “RY” to “RIO”. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Adversary adversario • Anniversary Aniversario • Dictionary Diccionario • Salary salario • Laboratory laboratorio • Literary literario • Voluntary Voluntario

17. CATEGORY XII • You can convert many English words that end in “EM,’’ AM, OM into Spanish by adding the letter A. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Program programa • telegram telegrama • diagram Diagrama • system sistema • Problem problema

18. CATEGORY XIII • You can convert many English words that end in “CE” into Spanish by changing CE to CIA. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Independence Indepenencia • Indifference Indiferencia • Exprerience Experiencia • France Francia

19. CATEGORY XIV • You can convert many English words that end in “CE” into Spanish by changing CY to CIA. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Democracy Democracia • Emergency Emergencia • Urgency Urgencia

20. CATEGORY XV • Some words that end in “IN” or “INE” in English end in “INA” in Spanish. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Medicine Medicina • Discipline Disciplina • Gasoline Gasolina • Doctrine Doctrina • Routine Routina

21. CATEGORY XVI • Some words that end in “IVE” in English end in “IVO” in Spanish. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Active • attractive • effective Activo Atractivo Efectivo

22. CATEGORY XVII • Some words that end in “CAL” in English end in “CO” in Spanish. • INGLES ESPAÑOL • Identical idéntico • Economical Económico • Technical Técnico Practical Práctico

23. GROUP ACTIVITY • Groups of THREE. • You are going to design a WORD WALL on the wall outside the classroom. • Find at least 10 words according to the category the teacher is going to assign you. • Make a nice, neat and colorful poster of your word. (10 PER GROUP) USING WHITE POSTER BOARD. • One group will be in charge also of making a nice title for the wall. IT CAN BE GUESS INGLES OR ESPANOL? FIND THE WORD.