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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. An Introduction. Acids. A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste Can be classified as strong or weak Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is a strong acid used in car batteries

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases An Introduction

  2. Acids • A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties • Solutions of acids have a sour taste • Can be classified as strong or weak • Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid used in car batteries • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid used to clean mortar from bricks • HCl also used for digestion in stomach in weaker solution

  3. Common Acids and some everyday uses

  4. Problems with acids • Can cause contamination in waterways and threaten fish • Acid rain causes soils to become ‘sour’ and stunts plant growth • Steel and marble buildings are corroding faster than ever, due to increased levels of acidity of atmosphere

  5. Bases • Chemical compounds that are the opposite of acids • Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis • Have a bitter taste and a soapy feel • Commonly used in the home as cleaning agents • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH- caustic soda) is a strong base used to make soaps, drain cleaner and oven cleaner • A concentrated solution is corrosive (will burn the skin) and poisonous

  6. Common household bases and some everyday uses

  7. Reactions of acids and bases • When acids are added to bases, they cancel each other out • Called a neutralisation reaction Example: • Indigestion, it is due to too much acid in the stomach; Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 is used to counteract the stomach acids • Bee stings contain acid and can be treated with a base, such as ammonia • Wasp stings contain a base, so they are better treated with an acid such as vinegar

  8. Reactions of acids and bases • In any neutralisation reaction, the acid and base combine to produce a salt and water acid + base → salt + water Eg. When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and water are formed. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water (acid) (base) (salt) (water)

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