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Cell Division and The Cell Cycle

Cell Division and The Cell Cycle. MITOSIS ANIMATION. Process of Cell Division. Cell Life Cycle. G1 phase S phase G2 phase Mitotic Phase. Interphase. Cell division.

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Cell Division and The Cell Cycle

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  1. Cell Division and The Cell Cycle

  2. MITOSIS ANIMATION

  3. Process of Cell Division Cell Life Cycle • G1 phase • S phase • G2 phase • Mitotic Phase Interphase Cell division Think of interphase as the active life of the cell, towards the middle of the phase, it copies its DNA and prepares to divide……

  4. INTERPHASE • muscle cells work as muscle cells • nerve cells as nerve cells • liver cells as liver cells… • active period in life of a cell • biochemical reactions • protein synthesis • cellular differentiation • preparation for division

  5. Parts of Interphase G1 S G2

  6. Parts of Interphase G1 “Growth phase” • cells are performing their assigned tasks, metabolizing, synthesizing etc

  7. Parts of Interphase G1 “Growth phase” S “synthesis phase” • DNA molecules are copied or replicated • Result: two copies of the cell’s DNA

  8. Parts of Interphase G1 “Growth phase” S “synthesis phase” G2 “Growth Phase 2” • cell is preparing for the actual division events (much protein synthesis).

  9. Interphase Summary Cell performing its job Preparing for division DNA not tightly packaged into chromosomes (WHY?)

  10. MITOTIC PHASES Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

  11. Prophase • What’s happening to the DNA? • Condensing into chromosomes

  12. Metaphase • What’s happening to the DNA? • Chromosomes lining up in the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres

  13. Anaphase • What’s happening to the DNA? • Spindle fibers are pulling chromosomes apart to opposite sides of the cell (towards centrioles)

  14. Telophase / Cytokinesis • What’s happening to the DNA? • Chromosomes at separate sides of the cell • Cell membrane forms between 2 daughter cells

  15. Animal Cell Cytokinesis plasma membrane at the equator is pulled inwards until it meets in the center of the cell process guided by actin microfilaments

  16. Cell Division in Plants Plant cells have no centrioles Cytokinesis

  17. Plant Cell Cytokinesis • CELL PLATE: • formed by vesicles from Golgi fusing at equator of cell (composition of cell wall??) • Cell membrane is formed by the membrane of the vesicles (composition of membrane??)

  18. MITOSIS IN A PLANT CELL

  19. MITOSIS IN AN ANIMAL CELL

  20. DNA in Mitosis Copy chromosomes to form sister chromatids

  21. DNA in Mitosis Copy chromosomes to form sister chromatids Chromosomes line up single-file at median

  22. DNA in Mitosis Copy chromosomes to form sister chromatids Chromosomes line up single-file at median Sister chromatids pulled apart

  23. Mitosis Animation

  24. Chromosomes

  25. Phases of Mitosis Identification

  26. Stopping Cell Division Anchorage-dependent: needs to be attached to a surface Density dependent: stop dividing when they hit other cells

  27. Cell Cycle Checkpoints Growth factor Plasma membrane Relay proteins Receptor protein G1 checkpoint Signal transduction pathway Control system G1 S G2 M

  28. Consequences of Mitotic Mistakes

  29. Cancer BENIGN METASTASIZED MALIGNANT Lymph vessels Tumor Blood vessel Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade Neighboring tissue. Cancer cells spread through lymph and blood vessels to other parts of the body. Uncontrolled cell division

  30. HeLa Cells

  31. Mitosis Review Growth Replacement of cells Asexual Reproduction Identical Cells

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