320 likes | 423 Views
Announcements. Exam 2 will be returned Monday? Lunar Eclipse Tuesday morning at 2:00am. Forecast is iffy, more about it on Monday
E N D
Announcements • Exam 2 will be returned Monday? • Lunar Eclipse Tuesday morning at 2:00am. Forecast is iffy, more about it on Monday • The last scheduled Dark Sky Night is Wednesday April 23. Additional Dark Sky Nights Tuesday April 22 and Thursday April 24. Hopefully at least one of them will be clear. If two are clear we will go out for both. We won’t go out for a third night in a row. • Don’t forget about the second project. Presentations are only three weeks away
Astronomy Courses Next Semester (and beyond) • Next Semester • Astr 2011: Introduction to Observational Astronomy • Astr 3005/3006: Observational Astronomy • Astr 4010: Astrophysics I • Beyond • Astr 3020: Cosmology…Spring 2015 • Astr 3040: Astrobiology…Spring 2016? • Astr 4020: Astrophysics II…Spring 2015 • Astr 3030: Astronomical Methods and Instrumentation • Astr 4000/4001: Astrophotography…Fall 2015
The rise of scientific publications Before the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions, scientific advances were disseminated strictly by book or personal letters
The French got into the act with La Connoissance des Temps Charles Messier published his famous catalogue here in 1783
By 1820 the astronomers split from the Royal Society to form the Astronomical Society J. L. E. Dryer published his New General Catalogue in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society
The American Benjamin A. Gould started publishing the Astronomical Journal but quit during the Civil War
Astronomischer Jahsbericht eventually became Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts
With all the astronomers and their publications, organizations were needed In 1899 George Ellery Hale formed the American Astronomical Society
In 1930 the IAU formally set the boundaries of all constellations
The story of light Isaac was one of the earliest to make a serious scientific study of light
By the early 1800’s Joseph Fraunhofer began to examine the solar spectrum in more detail
By the 1850’s, Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen had identified many of the lines in the solar spectrum
Kirchhoff developed the science of spectroscopic analysis Kirchhoff’s 1st Law: a hot solid or dense gas will emit a continuous spectrum of light whose peak wavelength depends on the temperature Kirchhoff’s 2nd Law: a “cool” gas will absorb specific wavelengths of light dependent on the elements present in the gas. Kirchhoff’s 3rd Law: a hot gas will emit specific wavelengths of light dependent on the elements present in the gas.
Anders Angstrom published a detailed compendium of the spectral lines in the Sun in 1868
In 1843 Heinrich Schwabe announced the discovery of a cycle in the number of sunspots
The Naturalist Alexander von Humboldt drew attention to Schwabe’s cycle in Kosmos
Humboldt had encouraged scientists around the world to map the Earth’s magnetic field Many of the geomagnetic observatories were started under Humboldt’s encouragement
What they discovered is the Earth’s magnetic field isn’t constant The Earth’s magnetic field seemed to vary with the same periodicity as the sunspot cycle.
In 1859 Richard Hodgson and R. C. Carrington made the first observation of a solar flare
Eclipse chasing was how observers viewed the Sun’s atmosphere
Flash Spectra of the Sun at eclipse showed a layer called the chromosphere
J. Norman Lockyer was the first to attach a spectrograph to a telescope for solar observations
Simultaneously, Lockyer published a paper on helium using the same technique
Others though there were even more “new” elements in the Sun The green color was thought to be due to coronium. We now know it is due to Fe XIV and Ni XVI