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MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY THE PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS Mike Wallis LECTURE 1 : THE PITUITARY GLAND

MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY THE PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS Mike Wallis LECTURE 1 : THE PITUITARY GLAND AND ITS HORMONES. SOME OF THE MAIN ENDOCRINE ORGANS. Note the 3 major types of "chemical" control: 1. Endocrine 2. Paracrine 3.Autocrine. HORMONE ASSAY

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MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY THE PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS Mike Wallis LECTURE 1 : THE PITUITARY GLAND

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  1. MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY THE PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS Mike Wallis LECTURE 1 : THE PITUITARY GLAND AND ITS HORMONES

  2. SOME OF THE MAIN ENDOCRINE ORGANS Note the 3 major types of "chemical" control: 1. Endocrine 2. Paracrine 3.Autocrine

  3. HORMONE ASSAY 1. Chemical assay 2. Biological assay (bioassay) 3. Immunoassay 4. Radioreceptor assay

  4. LOCATION OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

  5. The pituitary and hypothalamus

  6. Stages (a-e) in the development of the pituitary gland from neural tissue ( , giving the pars nervosa/neurohypophysis) and epithelial tissue (Rathke’s pouch; giving the adenohypophysis/pars distalis , pars intermedia , and pars tuberalis) DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

  7. ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

  8. DISCOVERY OF PITUITARY HORMONES 1. Diseases 2. Effects of removal of the pituitary gland (hypophysectomy) 3. Effects of replacement

  9. The Hormones of the mammalian pituitary gland Neurohypophysial hormones Oxytocin (OT) peptide(9 res) stimulates milk ejection, uterus contraction Vasopressin (VP) (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) peptide (9 res) raises blood pressure (mammals), antidiuretic Melanocortin family a-melanotropin (a-MSH) (a-melanocyte stimulating hormone) peptide (13 res) Causes skin darkening b-melanotropin (b-MSH) (b-melanocyte stimulating hormone) peptide (18-22 res) Causes skin darkening Corticotropin (ACTH) (adrenocorticotropic hormone) peptide (39 res) stimulates steroidogenesis in adrenal cortex b-lipotropin (LPH) peptide/protein (91 res) weakly lipotropic b-endorphin (b-END) peptide (31 res) analgesia?

  10. The Hormones of the mammalian pituitary gland (cont) Growth hormone family Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin) protein growth promotion, metabolic actions Prolactin (PRL) protein lactogenesis in mammals Glycoprotein hormone family Thyrotropin (TSH) (thyroid stimulating hormone glycoprotein stimulates thyroid hormone production (2 subunits) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) glycoprotein stimulates maturation of Graffian (follitropin) (2 subunits) follicle (female) and spermatogenesis (male) Luteinizing hormone (LH) glycoprotein stimulates ovulation and development (lutropin, interstitial cell stimulating (2 subunits) of corpus luteum (female), hormone) steroidogenesis (male)

  11. ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELL TYPES

  12. Immunofluorescent staining of pituitary cells Lactotrophs: green; somatotrophs: red

  13. Electron micrograph of a somatotroph

  14. Immunogold labelling of GH and PRL cells

  15. Immunogold labelling of somatomammotroph cells

  16. A model for pituitary cell development From: Burrows et al (1999)

  17. Folliculo-stellate cell network From: Fauquier et al (2002)

  18. ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

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