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Training Class

October 1, 2010 Albany, NY. Training Class. Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection. Jerome O’Connor, P.E., F-ASCE, University at Buffalo Dr. Riyad Aboutaha, Syracuse University. Development of Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Guidelines Research Project C-06-14 PIN R020.89.881.

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Training Class

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  1. October 1, 2010 Albany, NY Training Class Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Jerome O’Connor, P.E., F-ASCE, University at Buffalo Dr. Riyad Aboutaha, Syracuse University Development of Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Guidelines Research Project C-06-14 PIN R020.89.881

  2. Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Training AgendaRegion 1 TCC, Schenectady, NY Oct. 20-21, 2010 Wednesday October 20, 2010 1:00 pm – 5:00pm 1:00 -3:00 by O’Connor Introduction, Fundamentals of earthquakes, Terminology, World and USA Seismicity, NYS Seismicity, Bridge vulnerabilities, Examples of bridge damage 3:15 – 5:00 by O’Connor The proposed Earthquake Response Plan (ENS, Response Levels, PBDA, SPEBI, responsibilities, preparation, reporting forms, follow-up actions) Thursday October 21, 2010 8:00 pm – Noon 8:00 -10:00 by O’Connor What to look for when conducting a post-earthquake bridge inspection; Prioritization program; Additional resources 10:15 – 12:00 by Aboutaha & O’Connor Strategies for Repair of Earthquake-Damaged Bridges; Q&A; Conclusion PDH evaluation questions

  3. The following presentations are included in this training 1. Introduction 2. Earthquake terminology 3. USA bridge failures 4. USA and NYS seismology 5. Bridge terminology 6. Types of bridges 7. Bridge vulnerabilities 8. Earthquake Response Plan (ERP) 9. Damage illustrations 10. Forms 11. Repair • Prioritizing SPEBI • Peru Earthquake investigation

  4. Outline – Module 1 Introduction Earthquake fundamentals World and USA seismology NYS seismology Terminology Bridge terminology Types of bridges Bridge vulnerabilities Examples of bridge damage

  5. Outline – Module 2 Earthquake Response Plan (ERP) Earthquake Notification Service (ENS) Response Levels Incident Command System (ICS) Prelim. Br. Damage Assessments (PBDA) Special Post-Eq. Br. Inspections (SPEBI) Reporting forms Follow-up actions

  6. Outline – Module 3 What to look for when conducting a post-earthquake Additional resources

  7. Outline – Module 4 Strategies for Earthquake-Damaged Bridges Q & A Conclusion

  8. Background

  9. Earthquake Terminology

  10. NYS History

  11. Sign Up for ENS http://sslearthquake.usgs.gov/ens/

  12. Earthquake Response Plan

  13. ERP Flowchart

  14. ERP Responsibilities Resident Engineer (RE) Preliminary Assessment Regional Structures Engineer (RSE) Structural Follow-up

  15. ERP Terminology ERP USGS Magnitude Radius of Concern PBDA SPEBI

  16. ERP Forms

  17. What to Look For…(Bridge Inspection Guidelines)

  18. Historical Earthquakes In and Around New York State ref. S. Nikolaou, “GIS for Ground Motion Evaluation in Seismic Bridge Analysis, Bridge Structures: Assessment, Design and Construction, Edited by Khaled Mahmoud, p. 293, 2005

  19. Charles Merguerian from article of “New York News and Features” fault lines in Manhattan

  20. Earthquakes in NYS • 1884 08 10 - New York City, New York - M 5.5 • 1944 09 05 - Between Massena, New York and Cornwall, Ontario, Canada - M 5.8 • 1983 10 07 - Blue Mountain Lake, New York - M 5.3 • 2002 04 20 - Au Sable Forks, New York - M 5.1 • 2002 05 24 - Plattsburgh Aftershock - M 3.6 • 2002 12 25 - Redford, New York - M 3.3 www.usgs.gov

  21. # Earthquakes >3.5 bet. 1974 & 2003

  22. Research Team • Jerome O’Connor, P.E., Principal Investigator • Co-PI’s • Michel Bruneau, PhD, PEng. • S. Thevanayagan, PhD, P.E. • Roy Imbsen, PhD, P.E., Imbsen Consulting • Riyad Aboutaha, PhD, Syracuse University

  23. Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel

  24. Technical Review Panel

  25. Tasks

  26. Deliverables • Earthquake Response Action Plan • Prioritization Guidelines for Conducting Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspections • Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Guidelines • Handbook for Interim Repair of Critical Bridges • Syllabus and presentation material for one day training class for bridge inspectors • Project Final Report

  27. Bibliography

  28. Bibliography

  29. States with Most Earthquakes >1 in 30 years 0 in 30 years 3 # www.usgs.gov

  30. Earthqauke Hazard Map www.usgs.gov

  31. Earthquake Response Plan (ERP)

  32. ERP Response Matrix

  33. ERP Flowchart

  34. ERP Responsibilities Region RE PBDA HMS II’s & staff RSE SPEBI Regular Bridge Inspection TL’s Consultants PE’s from the Region Support from MO & other regions ICS

  35. Preliminary Bridge Damage Assessments (PBDA) Effort led by Resident Engineer Start immediately Done in order of prioritized routes Quick look around of each bridge Immediate closure if damage is found Communicate with RE & RSE for guidance if unsure Do not leave an unsafe bridge. One line report for each bridge

  36. PBDA Procedure

  37. PBDA form

  38. Special Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Effort led by RSE Each team is headed up by a PE Bridges are inspected in order of importance and seismic vulnerability Flag any unsafe condition Two page report for each bridge Daily Summary Report (DSR) Communicate verbally with RSE

  39. SPEBI actions Close Re-open Restrict Flag

  40. SPEBI Procedure

  41. SPEBI resources Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Guidelines Further Investigation (e.g. Geotechnical experts) Repair of Earthquake Damaged Bridges

  42. SPEBI forms

  43. SPEBI Prioritization PBDA results In-house communications Reports from media or public Personal knowledge of bridges

  44. Prioritization Software Demonstration

  45. Training Initial 1 day training for bridge inspectors Annual refresher training (computer based)

  46. Post-Earthquake Bridge Inspection Procedures Evaluation Questions 1. How many small earthquakes (e.g. <M3.0) does NYS get in a typical year? a. Zero b. two c. dozens 2. When was it that the AASHTO bridge design specification started to include detailed provisions for earthquakes? 3. What is the earthquake magnitude, at and above which, the earthquake response plan requires a damage assessment of highway bridges? 4. After a strong earthquake, who is responsible for the first phase of deployment? 5. In what order are the bridges checked during a PBDA ? 6. Who determines the order in which bridges are checked during the SPEBI phase? 7. List two factors to be considered when determining the order that bridges should be checked during a SPEBI ? 8. The Dept. would activate the Incident Command System (ICS) for the highest level response. Briefly define ICS 9. For a SPEBI, is special access equipment expected to be necessary (assuming that it is necessary when performing a biennial inspection)? 10. What is the proper action to take if there is a partial collapse of a bridge span and there are many more to inspect before the sun goes down? a. Call the condition in to the RE and/or RE and move on to the next bridge asap. b. Immediately close the bridge and wait for help to arrive. 11. Which types of damage could occur in NYS? a. Unseating and possible dropping of non-continuous spans __ b. Toppled bearings __ c. Buckling of lateral bracing __ d. Shear failure of reinforced concrete columns __ e. Failure of unreinforced masonry piers and abutments __ 12. Are lateral, longitudinal, or vertical seismic forces typically most damaging to a bridge that is not designed to resist earthquakes? 13. Which type of damage can occur to an older reinforced concrete column? a. Shear failure b. Compression failure due to lack of confinement steel c. Lap splice failure d. Yielding of longitudinal steel 14. What makes the new AASHTO seismic guide specification different from the LRFD bridge design specification? 15. How often should refresher training be provided to staff that would be expected to be called out to help with post-earthquake response? 16. If concrete has spalled off a reinforced concrete column but the core and the reinforcing steel seem intact, would you consider this serious damage or minor? 17. You are at a bridge that is not founded on piles, the supporting soil is silt and sand, and you know the water table is always high at this site. You are about 50 miles from the epicenter but the earthquake shook things for over a minute. The pier appears to have tipped. It looks like the soil has bubbled up out of holes in the sandy soil near the footing. What would you suspect was the cause of the damage? Would you call for a geotechnical expert? 18. What website has detailed information about recent earthquakes?

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