Education for All- including disabilities

1. Education for All-including disabilities Chinese Endeavor Yunying Chen China National Institute for Education Research Yunying Chen CNIER

2. Inclusive Education • From World Perspectives • Defining Inclusive Education • Inclusion In Chinese Context Yunying Chen CNIER

3. Inclusive Education In World Perspectives • The Convention Right of Children • Education- the right of all children • -the obligation of all governments Yunying Chen CNIER

4. World Agenda • The World Conference on Education for All-1990, Thailand • The Harbin Declaration for Children with Special Needs-1993, China (Asian Action) • The Salamanca Statement & Framework of Action on Special Needs Education-1994, Spain • World Education Forum-2000, Dakar Yunying Chen CNIER

5. World Education Forum • Ensuring access to quality education- for the most marginalized children • Enrich early child care and learning • Reach excluded children • Enhance girls education • Improve education quality • Restore education in emergency Yunying Chen CNIER

6. Defining Inclusive Education Yunying Chen CNIER

7. Who were excluded • Girls • Ethnic minorities • Working children • Children affected by disabilities, violence, conflict and HIV/AIDS • Must be included Yunying Chen CNIER

8. Inclusive Education • sharing the notion in many terms • different definition applied in different country Yunying Chen CNIER

9. Terms for Inclusive Education • Integration Integrated Education • Mainstreaming Inclusion • Inclusive Education • Interactive Education (UK) • Responsive Education (UK) Yunying Chen CNIER

10. Terms for Inclusive Education • Regular School Initiatives (USA) • First Generation Inclusion (USA) • Second Generation Inclusion (USA) Yunying Chen CNIER

11. Inclusion • The practice of providing education to a student with disabilities within the general education classroom, with the supports and accommodations needed by that student Yunying Chen CNIER

12. Mainstreaming • The practice of providing a student with disabilities with some portion of his or her education in a general education classroom Yunying Chen CNIER

13. Integration • This term is used in a variety of ways within the literature, may mean either inclusion or mainstreaming. The context of the discussion determines its meaning. Yunying Chen CNIER

14. Inclusion In Chinese Context • Statistics • Mandates • Evolutions • Stages • Changes Yunying Chen CNIER

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16. Yunying Chen CNIER

17. Inclusive Education • Physical integration (Sitting) • Social integration (Confusing) • Educational integration (Learning) • Learning in the Regular Classroom 隨班就讀(China) Yunying Chen CNIER

18. Inclusion means educational integration • In Chinese integration is named as Sui BanJiuDu • “隨” is “following” or “going” • “班” is “classroom” • “就” is “to” • “讀” is “reading ” or “ learning Yunying Chen CNIER

19. From Exclusion to Inclusion • The history of special Education started in 1880 • Before 1960 • Special Education was a welfare system • provided by religious institutes or private sectors Yunying Chen CNIER

20. From Exclusion to Inclusion • In the 60 • China took all the private institutes back to the government • special education became the public education Yunying Chen CNIER

21. From Exclusion to Inclusion • In the 80-providing education services to everyone • national movement for Compulsory Education • to universalize basic education • to provide education for all children • Including education to all children with special needs Yunying Chen CNIER

22. Inclusion plus quality Learning • In the 90 • Promoting quality education for all • Curriculum changes for ultimate potential • Child centered learning environment • Respect and Cater individual needs • Value individual initiatives and creativities • Zero rejection and start from age zero Yunying Chen CNIER

23. The socialist’s mind • Education right is human right • Human right is equal right Yunying Chen CNIER

24. National Survey of 1987 • 577 special school, serve 1% of the special needs • Casual integration was almost 55% • Homebound, welfare institution –44% Yunying Chen CNIER

25. Education for all Children with Special Needs • the answer is open the door of all schools • 1 million primary school to take in 6 million children • If it is too many? One school for 6 children ! Yunying Chen CNIER

26. Government actions for Inclusion Yunying Chen CNIER

27. Legislation and Regulations • The Compulsory Education Act, 1986 • The Law on Protection of the Disabled Person, 1992 • The Guidelines for the Development of Special Education, 1988 • The Regulation of Special Education, 1993 Yunying Chen CNIER

28. Legislation and Regulations • The Guidelines for Classroom Integration,1994 • Goals of Special Education Within the Framework of The Eighth National Five-years-plan, 1991-95 • ------Ninth National Five-years-plan, 1996-2000 • Year 2001, the third national congress for special education • ------- the Tenth National Five-years-plan, 2001-2005 Yunying Chen CNIER

29. Mandates-First National Congress (1988) • To inform and to educate the public about the disabled persons. • To mandate the setting aside of a national fund for special education • To re-enforce program implementation- national objectives and regional targets Yunying Chen CNIER

30. Mandates (1988) • Regular schools as the main body for education provision • Special schools as resource centers • Alternatives for teacher education in supporting changes • Establishing national institutes for research, teacher training, and materials development. Yunying Chen CNIER

31. Stages of Evolution Yunying Chen CNIER

32. Stages -1 • 1. Investigation of the needs of children with disabilities • 2. National Congress for consensus of policy and actions • 3. Pilot study • 4. Annual conference in promoting effective practices Yunying Chen CNIER

33. Stage -2 • 5. Various alternatives in empowering teacher • 6. Monitoring program by The National Guideline on Integration • 7. National project for organizational change • whole school action, whole district action Yunying Chen CNIER

34. Stage -3 • 8. Program evaluation of Effectiveness & Quality • 9. Special School reform for integration • 10. Development of Indicators of Integration • 11. Information exchange on internet Yunying Chen CNIER

35. Educational Reform for Inclusive Education Yunying Chen CNIER

36. Responsible Implementation - successful integration • A general consensus for educational changes • Strategy plan • Step by step • Aim big start small • Making thing happen • Long term monitoring and continue endeavor Yunying Chen CNIER

37. Organizational behavior- encourage progress • Team work • Sector-wide collaboration- Education, Health, Civil Affair,CWF,CFDP…. • sharing responsibility • sharing resources • case study Yunying Chen CNIER

38. Restructuring Education • Regular programs is the main body in education provision for children with special needs • Special schools , special classes, other forms of programs are resources and alternatives in supporting Inclusion Yunying Chen CNIER

39. Schools Changes • School policy encouraging integration • Select best and qualified teacher • Reduce the class size • Teacher appraisal in favor of inclusion • Additional salary & pension (15%) and promotion Yunying Chen CNIER

40. Building Supportive System • Policy Change for Inclusion • Resources Center to support Inclusion • School Development and management • Whole school approach • School curriculum team Yunying Chen CNIER

41. Special School as Resource Center • In-service teacher training • Parental guidance and counseling • Assessment of children’s learning needs • Supportive services to regular classroom teaching Yunying Chen CNIER

42. Rooms for Improvement • Teacher Education slow in response • 10 year behind school practices • Quality education • Excellence and Competition • Curriculum Accountability • Getting things parent pay for • Re-allocation of educational resources Yunying Chen CNIER

43. End Notes Yunying Chen CNIER

44. Three types of educational organization • One tract education system • Two tracts education system • Multiple tracts education system Yunying Chen CNIER

45. Inclusive Education Reached Policy Making Agenda • Every country declared a policy of integration • UNESCO study-1995 • 3/4 of countries had such a policy • UNESCO study- 1988 Yunying Chen CNIER

46. Inclusive education -Salamanca Statement (1994) • Is perceived as the most effective means of • Combating discriminatory attitudes • Creating welcoming communities • Building an inclusive society • Achieving education for all Yunying Chen CNIER

47. Thank You Very Much for Joining Me • China National Institute for Education Research • Special Education Division • China Online for the Special Needs • Chinese Journal of Special Education • Please visit us at • www.specialneeds.org.cn • www. COSN.NET Yunying Chen CNIER