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Politics of the 1800s: Whig, Free-Soil, Know-Nothing, and Republican Parties

Explore the dynamic political landscape of the 1800s, from the Whig Party's beliefs in federal government to the Free-Soil Party's anti-slavery sentiment and the secretive Know-Nothing Party's nativism. Witness the rise of the Republican Party and the division of the Democratic Party over slavery. Delve into key presidential election winners and losers, including the tragic deaths of William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor, and the eventual folding of the Free-Soil Party into the Republicans. Discover the platforms and ideologies that shaped American politics during this transformative era.

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Politics of the 1800s: Whig, Free-Soil, Know-Nothing, and Republican Parties

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  1. Politics of the 1800’s

  2. Whig PartyThe People’s Party, 1832-1856 • Pres. Election winners • William Henry Harrison (1840) • Died of pneumonia • First President to die in office • Zachary Taylor (1848) • Died from eating cherries and milk • Second President to die in office • Belief in the Federal Government • Limit power of the individual • Slavery divided the party • “Conscience Whigs” - Northerners joined the new Republican Party • “Cotton Whigs” - Southerners joined the Democratic Party

  3. Free-Soil Party, 1848-1854"free soil, free speech, free labour, and free men" • Anti-slavery sentiment • Goal: Keep slavery out of the west (prevent the spread of slavery) • Presidential Election losers • Martin Van Buren (1848) • John Parker (1852) • Eventually folded as a party and joined the Republican Party in 1854

  4. Know-Nothing Party • American Party (1845-1856) • Know-Nothing Party – secrecy, difficult to find out any information • Millard Fillmore • Was Zachary Taylor’s VP; took over the Oval Office (1850-1853) after Taylor’s death • Ran as the American Party candidate 1856 (lost) • Party platform • Survival of the Union • Nativism (focus of party) • Slavery divided the party in 1855

  5. Republican Party 1854-present • Presidential elections • John C. Freemont • First candidate, 1856 (lost) • Abraham Lincoln • First Republican winner, 1860 • Opposed the spread of slavery, the K-N Act, and the Dred Scott decision • Found support from northerners, abolitionists, eastern manufacturers, etc.

  6. Democratic Party, 1832-present • Dominated politics from 1832-1860 • Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837 • Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841 • James K. Polk, 1845-1849 • Franklin Pierce, 1853-1857 • James Buchanan, 1857-1861 • As a national party, they had a weak stance on slavery. In 1860, slavery ended up dividing the party. • Northern Democrats nominating Stephen Douglas • Southern Democrats choosing John C. Breckinridge

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