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Interactive Design of Botanical Trees using Freehand Sketches and Example-based Editing

Explore a system for designing 3D trees from 2D sketches and example-based editing. This innovative approach allows for quick and intuitive creation of intricate tree structures. The method includes sketch-based and example-based modeling, providing users with a user-friendly interface to bring their botanical visions to life. From creating branches with spiral structures to arranging leaves in various patterns, this system opens up infinite design possibilities for creating realistic 3D trees. Dive into the details of the modeling process, demonstrations, results, and discussions to understand the capabilities and limitations of this cutting-edge technology.

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Interactive Design of Botanical Trees using Freehand Sketches and Example-based Editing

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  1. Interactive Design of Botanical Trees using Freehand Sketches and Example-based Editing Makoto Okabe1, Shigeru Owada1,2 , Takeo Igarashi1,3 The University of Tokyo1, Sony CSL2, JST PRESTO3

  2. Introduction • Motivation • Previous Work • Our method • User Interface • Details • Result • Discussion

  3. Motivation • 3D trees are important in • Cityscape design • Virtual reality • Consumer games • 3D tree modeling is difficult • Enormous structural complexity

  4. Previous Work • Rule-based approaches • L-systems • Xfrog • SpeedTree Difficult for novices • 3D tree libraries • Maya - Paint Effects Difficult to design an arbitrary tree

  5. Our method • For quick and easy design of trees, we propose • Sketch-based modeling 2D sketch 3D model • Example-based modeling Sparse Dense

  6. Introduction • User Interface • Modeling Process • Demonstration • Details • Result • Discussion

  7. Modeling Process (b) 3D Construction (c) Multiplication (a) 2D Sketch (d) Leaf-arrangement (e) Propagation

  8. Demonstration

  9. Introduction • User Interface • Details • Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Extension of the Basic Algorithm • Creating a Branch with Spiral Structure • Example-based Leaf Arrangements • Result • Discussion

  10. Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Decide depths of branches • Keep the appearance from the view point • Resulting shape has infinite possibility

  11. Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Observation of natural trees • A natural tree spreads their branches to absorb sun light as efficiently as possible • The distances between a branch and other branches tend to be as large as possible

  12. Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Decide depths of branches one by one • Compute distances between branch shadows • Maximize distances among branches

  13. 2D Convex Hull 3D Hull Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Other constraints • A 3D hull obtained from the 2D convex hull • Keep the overall shape of a tree • Length of a branch • Angle between two branches

  14. Extension of the Basic Algorithm • Problem of the described algorithm • Front view is kept • Side view is strange People omit branches spreading backward or forward front view side view

  15. 90 degrees Extension of the Basic Algorithm • simple ad hoc trick basic algorithm merging rotated version(by 90 degrees)

  16. front view side view Extension of the Basic Algorithm • The resulting 3D tree • Front and side views look similar

  17. (a) (b) (c) Creating a Branch with Spiral Structure • Decide depth values so that the branch stroke has a constant 3D curvature • [Floral diagrams and inflorescences, Ijiri et al, SIGGRAPH 2005] Calculate yi so that

  18. Resulting 3D Trees • 2Dsketch  resulting 3Dtree models

  19. Example-based Leaf Arrangements • Three types of leaf arrangements Geminatus Alternating Whorled

  20. Example-based Leaf Arrangements Geminatus Whorled Alternating

  21. Introduction • User Interface • Details • Result • Designed by Experts • Designed by Test Users • Comparison to Other Systems • Discussion

  22. Designed by Experts (a) young tree (b) zelkova (c) maidenhair 7,900 nodes 30,000 nodes 4,300 nodes

  23. Designed by Test Users (a) 6 min (b) 8 min (c) 7 min (d) 9 min (e) 6 min (f) 6 min

  24. Comparison to Other Systems • L-system, Xfrog and our system • Recruited 3 novice users(A, B, C) • L-system (A and B together) • Xfrog (C) • Our system (A, B, C individually) • Photograph of a target tree

  25. Comparison to Other Systems Photograph L-system ( 60min ) XFrog ( 30 min )

  26. Comparison to Other Systems Photograph Our method (10min) Our method (10 min)

  27. Comparison to Other Systems • Our system • The major branching structures by sketching • The other systems • Detailed structures produced by rules

  28. Introduction • User Interface • Details • Result • Discussion • Summary • Limitations and Future Work

  29. Summary • We proposed a system for quick and easy design of 3D trees • Creating a 3D Tree from a 2D Sketch • Example-based modeling • The user can design a tree intuitively, especially major branching structures • User Tests • cf) Rule-based systems

  30. Limitations and Future Work • Incorporating more natural phenomena • e.g.) Tropisms from user-defined branches • Construction of forest • Editing operations • move, rotate, or bend

  31. Thanks • contact information • Makoto Okabe (makoto21@ui.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp) • www for this project • http://www-ui.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~makoto21 • Thanks very much • This work was funded in part by the Japanese Information-Technology Promotion Agency (IPA) • Eurographics reviewers

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