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VISIOCONFÉRENCE ORSAY, 15 septembre 2014

VISIOCONFÉRENCE ORSAY, 15 septembre 2014. INFLUENCE DU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ESPÈCES VENIMEUSES. M. Goyffon, MNHN, Paris, mgoyffon@mnhn.fr. PROLIFERATIONS. SEASONAL OCCASIONAL INVASIVE SPECIES. 1) SEASONAL PROLIFERATIONS. ARTHROPODS.

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VISIOCONFÉRENCE ORSAY, 15 septembre 2014

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  1. VISIOCONFÉRENCE ORSAY, 15 septembre 2014 INFLUENCE DU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ESPÈCES VENIMEUSES M. Goyffon, MNHN, Paris, mgoyffon@mnhn.fr

  2. PROLIFERATIONS SEASONAL OCCASIONAL INVASIVE SPECIES

  3. 1) SEASONAL PROLIFERATIONS

  4. ARTHROPODS Urticant (sting) (Lepidoptera) Vesicant (contact) (Coleoptera)

  5. LEPIDOPTERA LEPIDOPTERISM / ERUCISM (urticant)

  6. LEPIDOPTERISM (adults) • Less frequent than erucism (larvæ) • Main families : • Saturniidæ: Hemileucinæ : Lonomia, Hylesia, South America • Thaumetopoeidæ : Anaphe, Africa ; Thaumetopoea, Eur., Euproctis, Asia • - Lymantriidæ : L. dispar, Eur., North Am.

  7. ERUCISM (larvæ) • frequent, • 17 families, about 140 genera, Heterocera & some Rhopalocera, • Main families : • Saturniidæ, Hemileucinæ : Hylesia, Lonomia, • South America ; • Notodontidæ : Thaumetopoea, Europe ; Anaphe, Africa • Lasiocampidæ : Dendrolimus, Asia ; Streblote, Europe • - Nymphalidæ : Morpho sp.

  8. Hylesia sp. (Sth Amer.)

  9. Anaphe sp. (Africa)

  10. Lonomia sp. (Brazil)

  11. Thaumetopoea sp. - Main species in Europa : T. processionæ, T. pityocampa • Among urticant Lepidoptera, only these species seem in a phase of territorial expansion [one cycle per annum], - Nuisances concerning also animals (dogs, cats, cattle)

  12. Thaumetopoea pityocampa

  13. Thaumetopoea pityocampa

  14. STAPHYLINIDÆ(vesicant)

  15. STAPHYLINIDÆ (rove beetles) Characteristics • Vesicant insects, ubiquitous (> 600 sp.) • Main genus : Pæderus, toxin known • Contact dermatitis known at least at the beginning of the XXth century • Attracted on evening by light in houses, even in winter in the Mediterranean basin • - Maybe important increasing frequency of accidents due to a climate change

  16. PÉDÉRINE • Produced by an endosymbiotic bacteria, genus Pseudomonas, - Chemical synthesis realized, • Principally in females, • Dead insects “active”, • Hand palms insensitive  to rinse, - Insects attracted by electric lights.

  17. SYMPTOMATOLOGY • One or several erythema (then systemic signs possible), • Appearing after one or several insects crushed on skin, • Transport of toxins by hand palms possible, • Three grades : benign, moderate, severe (rarely) with systemic symptoms, - Secondary infection possible

  18. OTHER SPECIES (expansions) • Snakes • Vipera aspis, H. viridiflavus • (Europa, latitude) • Crotalus atrox which replaces C. molossus • (North America, USA, altitude)

  19. Hierophis viridiflavus (non venomous) Whip snake

  20. H.v.

  21. Crotalus atrox

  22. Crotalus molossus

  23. Crotalus molossus

  24. 2) OCCASIONAL PROLIFERATIONS (not dependent of season) • Cnidae (venomous) - Iuliforms (millipedes, vesicant)

  25. CNIDAE : JELLYFISH

  26. P. noctiluca

  27. [Sea nettle]

  28. Physalia grounded on a beach (France)

  29. Physalia grounded on a beach (France)

  30. SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT • Contacts painful, marks of contact often persistent, • Avoid rubbings, • Take off the fragments of tentacles (if any) with small tongs, - Analgesic drugs.

  31. IULIFORMS • Diplopods : not venomous (as Chilopods, for example), but “vesicant” as some insects. Ex. : Ommatoiolus sp. • Possible huge proliferations in some countries, causes not well known, - Nuisance rather than a health problem.

  32. Anthropic environments (I) Possibility for some venomous species to adapt to various anthropic environments : two examples of snakes (adaptation limited in time and space)

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