Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28)

Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28) Group 1

Protagonist / Antagonist Antagonist - a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary. Protagonist - the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text. Examples- Harry Potter is the protagonist, and Voldemort is an antagonist. Why/How: An Author would use this term to show the reader who the main character is in the story. And to show who is trying to stop the main characters goals from being completed in the story. Isaac Timmer Adrianna, Danielle, Carolyn

Protagonist/Antagonist: Use Create Conflict Show Contrast Highlight desirable vs. undesirable traits

Character (Hero/Anti-Hero) Characters are what make stories interesting, without them, there would obviously be no story. Characters are the cast of the book, the people whose lives seem like movies, and you can see their actions, dialogue, and sometimes thoughts. They often have struggles and problems that are resolved throughout the book. Example: Pip from Great Expectations Hero- The person in a book who solves the problem, or struggle presented. Usually the Protagonist. Example: Superman, the hero most people know of. He’s literally a super man, the perfect idea of a hero. Anti-Hero- The person in a book, who is the protagonist, but doesn’t necessarily solve the problem or show hero-like qualities Example: Gru from Despicable Me His whole story is about him being the villain while also being the protagonist of the movie. In the book, Pip has an internal struggle between becoming a gentleman or living his simple life as a working class boy

CHARACTERIZATION Direct and Indirect Definition- How a character is defined. Can be done by their actions and their appearance. Two types of characterization- Direct Characterization and Indirect Characterization Direct Characterization is done through the character’s personality being explicitly stated in the text, by another character or the narrator. Indirect Characterization is done through the gradual revealing of the character’s personality being shown in a more subtle matter, like their appearance, actions, or the way they treat other characters. JAMES VERONESE

Direct vs. Indirect Characterization Direct: Mrs. Lopera is Amazing (A character in the story or narrator says this). Indirect: Mrs. Lopera stayed up until 2 a.m. helping Jackie finish her college essay because it was due the next day. (A narrator describes a time Mrs. Lopera did this. Direct: No inference needed; stated. Indirect: You make an inference based on your observations.

Setting Definition:The setting in a piece of literature is the time and place in which a story takes place. The definition of setting can also include social statuses, weather, historical period, and details about immediate surroundings. How/Why: The setting provides the backdrop to the story and helps create mood Reilly Brady, Bella Nogara, Katie Frank

Setting How/Why: To create mood, conflict, dialect, theme Examples: • The year 2050, Mars, Humans living there because the earth has been destroyed by pollution • The year 1930, Alabama, Racial tensions running high

Internal Conflict Definition:psychological struggle within the mind of a literary or dramatic character Examples: 1. deciding between right and wrong 2. deciding between two solutions to a problem Why the author would use this:internal struggle is important to characterization. It makes characters more lifelike and vulnerable. (Carolyn Greaves)

External Conflict Definition:The struggle between a character and an outside force such as an antagonist, society, or the natural world Examples: 1. parents and children (man v. man) 2. someone not getting along with a coworker (m v. m.) 3. Romeo and Juliet v. Society 4. Man v. Nature (Stranded on an Island, Castaway, Tsunami) Why the author would use this: to show how a character deals with conflict, how they develop from it, and to keep the reader engaged in the story. (Carolyn Greaves)

the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence. Emma, Aiden, Ellie

Exposition A description or explanation of background information about the story, introduction to characters and setting. Ex.

Inciting Incident An event at the beginning of the story that disrupts the life of the protagonist. This usually sets up the protagonist to pursue his mission. Intro to CONFLICT.

Rising Action Is an incident that occurs during the plot that creates suspense and tension. The rising action creates a twist due to many things during the story. Conflicts and Complications occur.

CLIMAX the most intense, exciting, or important point of a story; the point Where the main conflict Is addressed. Nothing Will ever be the same. Emma, Aiden, Ellie

F a l l i n g Action Falling Action occurs after the climax when the main conflict in the story is being resolved. An author would use this to begin to wrap up the story and lead to the closing. Ellie Breen

Point of View (first person) Definition- when a character tells you the story in his or her perspective. Example- “It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived.” -To Kill a Mockingbird Why an author would you this?-gives a sense of closeness to the character

Point of View (3rd Person Limited) A third person limited point of view, the narrator has limited knowledge of just one character and no knowledge of any other characters. An example of this is in the short story, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall by Katherine Anne Porter, They know the feelings and thoughts of only Granny Weatherall and the story starts through her perspective. An author would use this for suspense and would force readers to make inferences on what the other major characters are thinking. Kevin, Bianca, Julia, Sarah

3rd Person Omniscient Point of View where author knows all thoughts, feelings, and their immediate actions of every character. Example: Harry Potter. This specific pov is useful as the writer can move between characters showing how each contributes to the plot. Michael Mostransky

Theme "what the work says about the subject". ... A story may have several themes. Topic: Bullying Theme: In life, it is dangerous and cruel to bully others; the actions you take could have devastating consequences. Reilly Brady, Katie Frank, Bella Nogara

Alliteration Definition: using the same letter or sound in the beginning of closely connected words. Example:She sells seashells by the sea shore. Why the author would use this: to show emphasis

Aside An aside is a short comment or speech that a character delivers directly to the audience, or to himself, while other actors on the stage appear not to hear. Only the audience knows that the character said something to them. Scott Bindell

Assonance: Occurs when words that are close to each other repeat the same vowel sound, but has different consonant sounds. Examples: “Men sell the wedding bells” Sarah Benkovic

Dialect Definition: Example: A dialect is the language used by the people of a specific area, class, district, or any other group of people. The term dialect involves the spelling, sounds, grammar and pronunciation used by a particular group of people and it distinguishes them from other people around them. Reckon I have. Almost died first year I come to school and et them pecans — folks say he pizened ’em and put ’em over on the school side of the fence. Authors use dialect when the narrativevoice in literature usually aspires to speak in concert with the reality it illustrates. Adrianna Ameruoso

Dialect A dialect is the language used by the people of a specific area, class, district, or any other group of people. The term dialect involves the spelling, sounds, grammar and pronunciation used by a particular group of people and it distinguishes them from other people around them. -To Kill a Mockingbird (By Harper Lee) Characters that are less educated and less sophisticated are usually shown to be speaking with a much stronger dialect. At certain points you might even need translations. Such as: Walter: “Reckon I have. Almost died first year I come to school and et them pecans — folks say he pizened ’em and put ’em over on the school side of the fence.” -Isaac Timmer

Dialogue Definition: a written composition in which two or more characters are represented as conversating. Example:”Did you finish the homework last night?” “Almost, I didn’t understand all of it.” Why would the author use this: to show a character’s personality, emotions, and actions. Emily DeRupo

Diction • Words or phrases used in a speech or writing. • To create an intentional tone toward a subject • Subtly persuade • Create mood Ex) Formal Vocabulary could persuade you to believe that some is trustworthy. The scorching sun beatdown on us. The warm sun shined down on us. Katie Frank Reilly Brady Bella Nogara

Figurative Language: An author uses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful in their writing. “The authors paint brush in words” Examples: Similes, Metaphors, Personification, Onomatopoeia Bianca, Julia, Kevin, Sarah

Flashback A scene in a movie, novel, etc… set in a time earlier than the main story ex) memories,dreams Samantha Finnerty

Foreshadowing Foreshadowing is when the author gives a clue or indication to what is going to happen in the future Bella Nogara Reilly Brady Katie Frank

HYPERBOLE A hyperbole is an exaggerated statement that is not meant to be taken literally. An author would use this for dramatic effect in his or her story. Ellie Breen

Imagery Definition: Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Example: The sound of a drum in the distance attracted him. Why the author might use this: Usually it is thought that imagery makes use of particular words that create visual representation of ideas in our minds. The word “imagery” is associated with mental pictures. Danielle Colucci

Irony (dramatic) The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Ex) In a horror movie the character walks into the house and the audience knows the killer is in the house Samantha Finnerty

Irony (Situational) Situational Irony is when the opposite of what is expected happens. Example: If somebody wakes up and thinks they are going to have a great day, but their day actually sucks. Authors usually use this to give some satire to the book, or make the readers surprised.

Irony (Verbal) Verbal Irony is when a character uses a statement with underlying meanings that are different with its literal meaning. An example is in the novel “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift.“I rather recommend buying the children alive and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs.” The author of the novel points out that the government shouldn’t treat Irish people like animals while he compares them to animals in the quote. An author would use this to have the readers think and possibly find a hidden meaning behind this. Kevin, Bianca, Julia, Sarah

Juxtaposition Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters, and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem, for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. Reilly Brady, Katie Frank, Bella Nogara

Metaphor A metaphor is describing an object in a way that isn't literally true, but helps to make a comparison. Ex) She was fishing for an excuse. Katie Frank Reilly Brady Bella Nogara

Mood Mood is the atmosphere of a literary piece. Authors use this to evoke certain feelings and emotions in readers. Ellie Breen

Motif Definition: Motif is an object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work Example: There is also a motif of hatred for women that Hamlet experiences in his relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia. Hamlet expresses his disgust for women in Scene 2 of Act I, as he says: “Frailty, thy name is women” Why the author might use this: Writer include motifs in their work as reinforcements. Motifs contribute in developing the theme of a literacy work, and help readers to comprehend the underlying messages that writers intend to them. Danielle Colucci

Onomatopoeia The formation of a word to form or resemble the sound that is being made. Examples: boom, pow, wow Bella Nogara Reilly Brady Katie Frank

Oxymoron Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two opposite words/ideas are joined to create an effect. In close proximity. Bella Nogara Reilly Brady Katie Frank

Paradox Definition: Example: It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly, but which may include a latent truth. It is also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. I can resist anything but temptation. What a pity that the youth must be wasted on the young. An author uses this term because its more fun to extract a hidden message out of the writing rather than having it be presented to them in an uncomplicated manner. Poets often use paradox as part of a poetic diction. Adrianna Ameruoso

personification Definition- when you give objects or animals human like qualities Examples- the sunflowers were dancing in the wind Why the author uses it- to put a picture in your head of what is happening

Repetition The recurrence of something that has already been said or written. It originated in late 19th century France and Belgium Julia Vega

Satire The use of humor, exaggeration, irony, or ridicule with the intent of shaming somebody or something. Examples: Sarcasm, Irony, Mockery Saturday Night Live Family Guy Scott Bindell

Simile Definition: comparing two unlike things using like or as. Example: they fought like cats and dogs. Why the author uses this: to help the readers get a better understanding of something by comparing it to something else.

Suspense Definition: when awaiting a decision or outcome that causes uncertainty, excitement or anxiety. Example: if a killer will strike in a horror movie. Why the author would use this: to keep readers intrigued and excited about what’s to come next in a story. Emily DeRupo

Symbolism When one thing is what it is… but… also stands for something else. Two Fingers in the air… symbolizes peace Julia Vega

Tone The attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words, or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. Scott Bindell

Group 4 Scott Bindell, Michael Mostransky, James Veronese, Sam Finnerty

Literary Elements & Techniques Slideshow Test Friday (9/28)