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Delve into the pharmaceutical chemistry, properties, and uses of parasympatholytics such as Atropine, Cyclopentolate, Scopolamine, Tropicamide, and more. Understand their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, side effects, and analysis in pharmacology.
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Introduction of Parasympatholytics:M blockers: Atropine, Cyclopentolate, Scopolamine, TropicamideN1 Blockers: Nicotine N2 Blockers:Tubocurarine, Atracurium
Parasympatholytic • Atropine • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: Anti-muscarinic • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: Mydriatic for measuring refractive errors of the eyes, (week-2 week duration). Replaced by short acting anti-cholinergics, Antispasmodic, anti-dote for mushroom poisoning and antisecretory. • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, Sandy eyes, tachycardia, constipation, restless and confusion. • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: short acting for mydriasis (24 hours) • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Scopolamine • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: motion sickness, block short-term memory and anti-spasmodic • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: short acting for mydriasis (6 hours) • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Nicotine (Nicotinell) • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: Ganglionic blocker (N2) • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: none • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: stimulation then paralysis of Ganglionic receptor, high blood pressure, increasing cardiac output, hypotension with high doses and low GI activity. • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Tubocurarine • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: Neuromuscular blocker (N1) • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: Adjuvant drug in anaesthesia to facilitate intubation. • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: it sometimes increases histamine release and causes hypotension (allergy). Thus it is rarely used. • Analysis
Parasympatholytic • Atracurium (Tracrium) • Pharmaceutical chemistry • Possible Origin • Physiochemical Properties • Idea of Retro-synthesis • Molecular pharmacology • Mechanism of action: • Structure-based explanation of Therapeutic uses: • Structure-based explanation of Side effects: well-tolerated • Analysis
