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Genetically Modified France

This article explores the policy of the European Union regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs), including the approval process, health and environmental concerns, and global response. It also discusses the benefits of biotechnology and the role of companies like Monsanto.

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Genetically Modified France

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  1. Genetically Modified France Marguerite

  2. Machinery • Imports from other countries • Transport within the U.S.A. • Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides • Better plants?

  3. Characteristics of Genetically Engineered Crops • Resistance to environmental stress • Resistance to herbicides • Resistance to insects • Increased yields • Higher nutritional values

  4. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? • Definition: The formation of new combinations of heritable material by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules, produced by whatever means outside the cell, into any virus, bacterial plasmid or other vector system so as to allow their incorporation into a host organism in which they do not naturally occur but in which they are capable of continued propagation.

  5. (1) DNA ↓ ← ← ← Vector ↓ (virus, gene gun, enzyme) ↓ (2) DNA → → Plant ↓ Seeds

  6. Monsanto • Spends about $2.6 million a day producing GMOs • Product patents • Out-crossing: results from cross-pollination

  7. The European Union • In 1950 European countries began to unite economically and politically • Open border policy • The euro • Agricultural policy

  8. The European Union’s Policy • A genetically engineered crop must be approved by the E.U. before cultivation in member states • Approval on a case by case basis • 1997: First genetically engineered crop approved by the European Union

  9. Health and Environmental Concerns “There is more than a casual association between GM foods and adverse health effects. There is causation…” - American Academy of Environmental Medicine

  10. Health and Environmental Concerns “ [Any] risk lies in not using biotechnology.” - Dr. Luciana Di Ciero Researcher

  11. The European Union • 1999 – 2004: The European Union de facto moratorium on the approval of genetically modified organisms

  12. Global Response • U.S., Canada, Argentina • World Trade Organization • Zimbabwe refuses food aid from the United States

  13. The Result • European Union requires labeling and traceability of GMO foods • Studies show how to prevent cross-pollination • ‘Safeguard Cause’

  14. Works Cited "Benefits of Biotechnology.“ monsanto.com. Monsanto Company, 2010. Web. 7 Dec 2010. Dean, Amy, and Jennifer Armstrong. "Genetically Modified Foods." aaem.org. American Academy of Environmental Medicine, 8 May 2009. Web. 7 Dec 2010. Di Ciero, Luciana. monsanto.com, 2009. Intervew. Web. 5 Dec 2010. "Don't be Bullied on GM Food." greens-efa.eu. European Free Alience, n.d. Web. 7 Dec 2010. “Farmers and the Land.” agclassroom.org. United States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. “History of the European Union.” europa.eu. European Union, n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2010 “OGM j'en veux pas." gmo-free-regions.org. GMO-free Europe. Web. 7 Dec 2010. Kanter, James. “Europe’s New Approach to Biotech Food.” nytimes.com. New York Times, 7 July 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. Kirby, Alex. “France's GM Veto Ruled Wrong.” bbcnews.com. BBC News, 21 March 2000. Web. 5 Dec. 2010.

  15. Works Cited Lynch, Diahanna, and David Vogel. “The Regulation of GMOs in Europe and the United States: A Case-Study of Contemporary European Regulatory Politics.” cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations Press, 2001. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. Nos Enfants Nous Accuseront. Dir. Jean-Paul Jaud." J+B Sequences: 2008, Film. <http://www.nosenfants nousac cuseront-lefilm.com/>. Nottingham, Stephen. Genescapes. 1st ed. London: Zed Books, 2002. 3. Print. “Q&A: Trade battle over GM food.” bbc.co.uk. BBC News, 2 Aug. 2006. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. The Territory of Louisiana. Map. ancestry.com. n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. van Gogh, Vincent. Wheatfield and Cypress Trees. 1889. National Gallery, Great Britain. ARTstor.org. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Wallstrom, Margot. The EU Ban on Agricultural Biotech Products is Illegal. usembassy.gov. U.S. Department of State, 13 July 2000. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. "Why Does Monsanto Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds?" monsanto.com. Monsanto Company, 2010. Web. 7 Dec 2010. "20 Questions on Genetically Modified Foods." who.int. World Health Organization, 2010. Web. 7 Dec 2010.

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