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Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures

Shaping the Evolution of Information Infrastructures: Architecture, Governance Regime, Process Strategy. Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures. A Theories of Information Infrastructures (Evolution & Design). Architecture. Assemblage Theory. Governance. Process Strategies.

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Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures

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  1. Shaping the Evolution of Information Infrastructures:Architecture, Governance Regime, Process Strategy

  2. Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures A Theories of Information Infrastructures (Evolution & Design) Architecture Assemblage Theory Governance Process Strategies Complexity Science Actor Network Theory Reflexive Modernisation

  3. Manuel DeLanda:A New Philosophy of Society.Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity • Realist ontology, Gilles Deleuze • Relations of exteriority, capacities to interact (not properties) • Material – expressive • Stabilizing/territorializing – destabilizing/de-territorializing • Thresholds, emergence, non-linearity

  4. A self-reinforcing installed base ).

  5. Reflexive Standardization

  6. Examples: Internet and telecom

  7. Infrastructure Evolution &Innovation • Shaping the evolution of infrastructures = • Innovation • Of • In • On infrastruture

  8. EU: Pan-European eGovernment solutions • Domains: • Customs • Health care • Immigration • Judiciary • ...... • European Interoperability Strategy • Interoperbility solutions for Euorpean Public Administrations • European Interoperability Architecture

  9. eCustoms • Harmonizing, streamlining customs declarations in EU • Aim: • 25% cost reductions for traders: ”Single window” • Increased trade/globalization • New risks: Mad cow, terror, counterfeit, .. • Containers, big hubs • New customs control procedures • From transaction to system based control

  10. Figure 6. Development of the European e-Customs information infrastructure 2000-2010

  11. System abbreviations: ECS: Export Control System EORI: European Operators Registration and identification system ASS: Agriculture Subvention System EMCS: European Movement Control System CRMS: Customs Risk Management Systems Figure 5. Information flows in an export process

  12. EU Domain Strategy/Programme Projects Danish Domain Projects/Subprojects Arla Domain Projects NCTS Multi-Annual Strategic Plan e-Customs Project Adaption projects ECS Customs 2002 NCTS ICS ECS AEO ECS Customs 2007 ICS ICS EORI AEO Customs 2013 ... EORI ... Figure 4. Organization of e-Customs projects at EU, national, and trader level.

  13. TBG18Agriculture TBG2Digital Paper TBG15Trade Facilitation TBG8Insurance TBG19eGov TGB15 International Trade Single Window TBG14 International Supply Chain Model & TBG2 UNeDocs Data Model TBG17 UN/CEFACT Core Component Library United Trade Data Elements Directory (UNTED) TBG1Supply Chain TBG4WCO DM TBG3Transport TBG13Environment TBG5Finance Figure 3. UN/CEFACT International Trade and Business Processes Group (TBG) and key relationships between these working groups. Redrawn from Dill (2007).

  14. Development activities • First step: Export system • Aim: One common export system • Extensive adaptation to national installed base • Next: Transit system • Developed one system in each country (=27 independent implementation of the same spec.) • Next … • Aim: One common system …

  15. Plus • For each new system: • Control systems build on top of customs systems • Additional data collected for control purposes

  16. Dynamics • More trade, more risk, more needs for control • New systems for customs declaration • => new opportunities for building new control systems • Adapted to (national) installed base • => more stability • => more fragmentation • Traders need to adapt their system to 27 diff. National IIs

  17. The shaping of the evolution of the eCustoms II • Process strategy: Specification driven, one system at the time • Architecture: tight coupling within national IIs, loose coupling between national IIs • Governance: Loosely coupling between tightly coupled national projects, traders detached

  18. Alternative? • Process strategy: Evolutionary, learning focused • Architecture: loose coupling within national IIs, tight coupling between national IIs, (minimum data), traders connected through one European portal/gateway • Governance: Tight coupling between loosely coupled national projects, traders integrated

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