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Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures

Explore the theory and practices of developing information infrastructures, focusing on the architecture, governance, and process strategies. Learn about reflexive standardization, examples like internet and telecom, and the European eGovernment solutions. Discover the complexities of eCustoms projects and their impact on trade and globalization.

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Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures

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  1. Shaping the Evolution of Information Infrastructures:Architecture, Governance Regime, Process Strategy

  2. Towards a Theory of Information Infrastructures A Theories of Information Infrastructures (Evolution & Design) Architecture Assemblage Theory Governance Process Strategies Complexity Science Actor Network Theory Reflexive Modernisation

  3. Manuel DeLanda:A New Philosophy of Society.Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity • Realist ontology, Gilles Deleuze • Relations of exteriority, capacities to interact (not properties) • Material – expressive • Stabilizing/territorializing – destabilizing/de-territorializing • Thresholds, emergence, non-linearity

  4. A self-reinforcing installed base ).

  5. Reflexive Standardization

  6. Examples: Internet and telecom

  7. Infrastructure Evolution &Innovation • Shaping the evolution of infrastructures = • Innovation • Of • In • On infrastruture

  8. EU: Pan-European eGovernment solutions • Domains: • Customs • Health care • Immigration • Judiciary • ...... • European Interoperability Strategy • Interoperbility solutions for Euorpean Public Administrations • European Interoperability Architecture

  9. eCustoms • Harmonizing, streamlining customs declarations in EU • Aim: • 25% cost reductions for traders: ”Single window” • Increased trade/globalization • New risks: Mad cow, terror, counterfeit, .. • Containers, big hubs • New customs control procedures • From transaction to system based control

  10. Figure 6. Development of the European e-Customs information infrastructure 2000-2010

  11. System abbreviations: ECS: Export Control System EORI: European Operators Registration and identification system ASS: Agriculture Subvention System EMCS: European Movement Control System CRMS: Customs Risk Management Systems Figure 5. Information flows in an export process

  12. EU Domain Strategy/Programme Projects Danish Domain Projects/Subprojects Arla Domain Projects NCTS Multi-Annual Strategic Plan e-Customs Project Adaption projects ECS Customs 2002 NCTS ICS ECS AEO ECS Customs 2007 ICS ICS EORI AEO Customs 2013 ... EORI ... Figure 4. Organization of e-Customs projects at EU, national, and trader level.

  13. TBG18Agriculture TBG2Digital Paper TBG15Trade Facilitation TBG8Insurance TBG19eGov TGB15 International Trade Single Window TBG14 International Supply Chain Model & TBG2 UNeDocs Data Model TBG17 UN/CEFACT Core Component Library United Trade Data Elements Directory (UNTED) TBG1Supply Chain TBG4WCO DM TBG3Transport TBG13Environment TBG5Finance Figure 3. UN/CEFACT International Trade and Business Processes Group (TBG) and key relationships between these working groups. Redrawn from Dill (2007).

  14. Development activities • First step: Export system • Aim: One common export system • Extensive adaptation to national installed base • Next: Transit system • Developed one system in each country (=27 independent implementation of the same spec.) • Next … • Aim: One common system …

  15. Plus • For each new system: • Control systems build on top of customs systems • Additional data collected for control purposes

  16. Dynamics • More trade, more risk, more needs for control • New systems for customs declaration • => new opportunities for building new control systems • Adapted to (national) installed base • => more stability • => more fragmentation • Traders need to adapt their system to 27 diff. National IIs

  17. The shaping of the evolution of the eCustoms II • Process strategy: Specification driven, one system at the time • Architecture: tight coupling within national IIs, loose coupling between national IIs • Governance: Loosely coupling between tightly coupled national projects, traders detached

  18. Alternative? • Process strategy: Evolutionary, learning focused • Architecture: loose coupling within national IIs, tight coupling between national IIs, (minimum data), traders connected through one European portal/gateway • Governance: Tight coupling between loosely coupled national projects, traders integrated

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