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Attack on Pearl Harbor

Attack on Pearl Harbor. Sunday, December 7, 1945 “A date that will live in infamy”. The Players. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America. The Players. Hideki Tojo, Japanese Prime minister . The Players.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

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  1. Attack on Pearl Harbor Sunday, December 7, 1945 “A date that will live in infamy”

  2. The Players • Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America

  3. The Players • Hideki Tojo, Japanese Prime minister

  4. The Players • Isoroku Yamamoto , Admiral of the Fleet (Highest rank in Japanese military)

  5. The Players • Chuichi Nagumo, Commander of the Japanese carrier striking force that attacked Pearl Harbor.

  6. You Must Remember • The year is 1945. • Much of the Eastern Hemisphere is at war, including Japan, many European countries (Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, and Russia). • The United States is not a Super power of the world……….yet.

  7. The Story • First, why would Japan attack the United States? • 1. President Roosevelt banning all exports of scrap iron, steel and oil to Japan. Japan had lost more than 90% of its oil supply. • 2. The belief that Japan was becoming encircled by Western powers. • 3. The fear of resources such as oil running low due to war. • 4. Strong determination of advancing in the East Asia region, the United States demanding Japanese withdrawal from Indo-China, the United States opposing Japanese expansion and Japans demands were not being achieved by diplomacy. The Japanese were keen on expanding their empire and had to make a decision between surrendering or going to war with the United States.

  8. The Story • October-December 1941: The Japanese and U.S. negotiate the U.S. lifting ban on the export of scrap iron, steel and oil that the U.S. put in place July 1940. • In the mean time, Japan is training and planning for an attack on the U.S. • November 16th 1945, after what the Japanese considered failed attempts to reach an agreement with the U.S., Japanese submarine units leave for Pearl Harbor.

  9. The Story • Ten days later, on November 26th the main body of the Japanese attacking fleet leave for Pearl Harbor. • To distract the American government while it secretly positioned a powerful aircraft carrier strike force for the "sneak attack" on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese government had ordered its envoys in Washington to engage the American government in intensive diplomatic negotiations. • December 6th, 1945: U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt makes a final appeal to the Emperor of Japan for peace. The Americans believe a Japanese attack is imminent, most likely somewhere in Southeast Asia.

  10. The Story • Sunday, December 7 – • The last part of a Japanese message, stating that diplomatic relations with the U.S. are to be broken off, reaches Washington in the morning and is decoded at approximately 9 a.m. (4 a.m. at Pearl Harbor). • About an hour later, another Japanese message is intercepted. It instructs the Japanese embassy to deliver the main message to the Americans at 1 p.m. (8 a.m. at Pearl Harbor). • The U.S. War Department then sends out an alert but uses a commercial telegraph because radio contact with Hawaii is temporarily broken. Delays prevent the alert from arriving at headquarters in Oahu until noontime (Hawaii time) four hours after the attack has already begun.

  11. It Begins! Crewmen of the aircraft carrier Shokaku scream "Banzai" as a Japanese Nakajima Type 97 torpedo bomber (Allied code-name "Kate") roars down the flight deck on its way to deliver a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet at its Pearl Harbor base in Hawaii on 7 December 1941.

  12. The Story • Early Morning of December 7, 1945 • The Japanese attack force under the command of Admiral Nagumo, consisting of six carriers with 423 planes, is about to attack. • At 6 a.m., the first attack wave of 183 Japanese planes takes off from the carriers located 230 miles north of Oahu and heads for the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. • At 7:15 a.m., a second attack wave of 167 planes takes off from the Japanese carriers and heads for Pearl Harbor.

  13. The Story • Still early morning of December 7, 1945 • Pearl Harbor is not on a state on high alert. Senior commanders have concluded, based on available intelligence, there is no reason to believe an attack is imminent. • At 7:53 a.m., the first Japanese assault wave, commences the attack with flight commander, Mitsuo Fuchida, sounding the battle cry: "Tora! Tora! Tora!" (Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!).

  14. Mapping Pearl Harbor

  15. The Story • 7:53 a.m. The Americans are taken completely by surprise. The first attack wave targets airfields and battleships. • The second wave targets other ships and shipyard facilities. The air raid lasts until 9:45 a.m.

  16. Japanese Attack Maps • http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/ • http://www.wtj.com/articles/pearl_maps/

  17. The Results • What is lost? • Eight battleships are damaged, with five sunk. • Three light cruisers • Three destroyers and three smaller vessels are lost • 188 aircraft. • The Japanese lose 27 planes and five midget submarines which attempted to penetrate the inner harbor and launch torpedoes.

  18. The Casualties • The (U.S.)casualty list includes : • 2,335 servicemen killed • Included are 1,104 men aboard the Battleship USS Arizona killed after a 1,760-pound air bomb penetrated into the forward magazine causing catastrophic explosions. • 68 civilians killed, • 1,178 wounded.

  19. The War • Monday, December 8 - The United States and Britain declare war on Japan with President Roosevelt calling December 7, "a date which will live in infamy..." • Thursday, December 11 - Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. The European and Southeast Asian wars have now become a global conflict with the Axis powers; Japan, Germany and Italy, united against America, Britain, France, and their Allies.

  20. FDR War Declaration to Congress Hear it: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

  21. Bibliographypg. 1 • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Japanese_attack_Pearl_Harbor • http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/ngbeyond/people/people10.html • http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm

  22. Bibliographypg. 2 • http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312409/thinkquestww2_3/Pearl_Harbor_t.html • http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm • http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-1912.html • http://www.geographic.org/flags/new1/japan_flags.html

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