1 / 21

5.4 What are the agricultural characteristics of

5.4 What are the agricultural characteristics of irrigation farming in southern California?. Part A. What comes to your mind when you think of California?. Where is California?.

michael-middleton
Download Presentation

5.4 What are the agricultural characteristics of

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 5.4 What are the agricultural characteristics of irrigation farming in southern California? Part A

  2. What comes to your mind when you think of California? Where is California? California is famous for gold mining, golden fields and sunshine. It is known as the Golden State. Oranges Windsurfing Golden Gate Bridge of San Francisco Hollywood

  3. Where is California? Source: California Agricultural Resource Directory 2007, California Department of Food and Agriculture California’s percentage share of gross cash income by farm products, 2006 California has the largest agricultural output among the 50 states. It is the leading producer of fruits, nuts and vegetables in the USA.

  4. Where is California? United States California Where is southern California? Southern California extends roughly from 32°N to 38°N.

  5. What is the physical environment of southern California? Are these characteristics similar to those in the Sahel? 2 Climate Little drainage? 1 Relief and drainage Infertile soil? High evaporation? 3 Soil and vegetation Dry/Scanty rainfall? Hot?

  6. What do people farm in southern California? The farmers in southern California mainly practise ( arable farming / livestock rearing ) Types of farms run in Fresno county, California in 2007 Source: 2007 Census of Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture

  7. Inputs Farming processes Physical inputs Ploughing, seeding, planting, irrigation, pest control, fertilizing, harvesting Cultural inputs1 Irrigation water from various water schemes2 Research and technology3 Chemicals, including pesticides and fertilizers4 High capital investment5 Hired and contract labour6 Government aid/policies7 Rail or road transport Outputs Useful outputs: cash crops (e.g. fruits, vegetables) Useless outputs: waste and excess chemicals What are the characteristics of the irrigation farming system in southern California? In southern California, farming is characterized by heavy reliance on irrigation. Therefore, the farming system is know as irrigation farming. Local and overseas markets Cash

  8. Inputs Farming processes Physical inputs Ploughing, seeding, planting, irrigation, pest control, fertilizing, harvesting Cultural inputs1 Irrigation water from various water schemes2 Research and technology3 Chemicals, including pesticides and fertilizers4 High capital investment5 Hired and contract labour6 Government aid/policies7 Rail or road transport Outputs Useful outputs: cash crops (e.g. fruits, vegetables) Useless outputs: waste and excess chemicals What are the characteristics of the irrigation farming system in southern California? What are the characteristics of this farming system? In southern California, farming is characterized by heavy reliance on irrigation. Therefore, the farming system is know as irrigation farming. ( Arable farming / Livestock rearing ) ( Intensive / Extensive ) farming ( Subsistence / Commercial ) farming ( Low-technology / High-technology ) farming Local and overseas markets ( Sedentary / Non-sedentary ) farming Cash

  9. In Part B, we will study the farming constraints in southern California.

  10. 1 Relief and drainage Describe the relief of southern California. 400 Relief: Mostly over _____ metres Coast Highland: The _______ ________ and the _______ ________ Ranges Sierra Nevada Central Lowland: The _______ _______ and the ________ _______ Valley Imperial Valley

  11. 1 Relief and drainage Describe the drainage of southern California. Rivers: The ____________ River and the _____________ River San Joaquin Colorado The water in San Joaquin River comes from the melted snow of the ________ to the east of the valley Rockies

  12. 2 Climate Palm Springs A Temperature Fresno Eureka R: 144mmTC: 22.8C R: 260mmTC: 17C Eureka R: 962mmTC: 11.5C R: Annual rainfall (mm)TC: Annual mean temperature (C) Fresno Temperature ( increases / decreases ) towards the south. Palm Springs

  13. 2 Climate Palm Springs B Rainfall Fresno Eureka Eureka R: 260mmTC: 17C R: 144mmTC: 22.8C R: 962mmTC: 11.5C R: Annual rainfall (mm)TC: Annual mean temperature (C) Fresno Rainfall ( increases / decreases ) towards the south. Palm Springs In southern California, rainfall becomes scanty.

  14. 2 Climate B Rainfall Rainfall ( decreases / increases ) from the coast towards the inland. Eureka Wet onshore winds rise over the Coast Ranges, forming _______ rain. relief Higher rainfall Lower rainfall Central Valley is in the ______________, resulting in low rainfall. Fresno rain shadow Palm Springs

  15. 2 Climate Fresno Eureka B Rainfall Eureka R: 260mmTC: 17C R: 962mmTC: 11.5C R: Annual rainfall (mm)TC: Annual mean temperature (C) Fresno In most parts of California: In winter, it is warm and ( dry / wet ). In summer, it is hot and ( dry / wet ). It is known as ______________ climate. Mediterranean

  16. 2 Climate At the southern tip of California, ____________ _______ climate exists. B Rainfall subtropical desert This is caused by the ( onshore / offshore ) winds blowing in most of the year, which bring little rain. Palm Springs R: Annual rainfall (mm)TC: Annual mean temperature (C) R: 144mmTC: 22.8C Palm Springs

  17. 3 Soil and vegetation High temperature Most soils are alkaline in southern California. High evaporationrates Bringing salts beneath the soil to the surface Alkaline soil Alkaline soil Salt

  18. 3 Soil and vegetation In places where a Mediterranean climate prevails, woodland and scrubland are found. Towards the south where the climate is drier, grassland and desert plants dominate. As there is not much vegetation here, soils contain ( little / much ) organic matter. Grassland in California Therefore, most soils are ( fertile / infertile ) in southern California.

  19. Physical inputs Alkaline infertile Central Imperial San Joaquin Colorado

  20. Farm workers are harvesting lettuce in California (Credit: Richard Hamilton Smith/Corbis) Cultural inputs To compensate for the less favourable physical environment, cultural inputs are ( low / high ): Developing irrigation systems Applying pesticides and fertilizers Using machinery Undertaking research for advanced technologies in farming

  21. Economy-wide policies 4% Cultural inputs Export assistance 1.5% The federal government has adopted different policies to help farming in California. Research 5.1% Input assistance (such as crop insurance, irrigation system, etc.) 10.3% Import barriers 40% Marketing 13.4% Source: Agricultural Marketing Resource Centre (2003), Commodity policy and California agriculture, Agricultural Issues Centre, University of California Government payments (such as market loss assistance payments) 25.7% Government aid to farming in California

More Related