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Exploration- 1400’s- 1500s

Exploration- 1400’s- 1500s . Glory - Renaissance creates new spirit of adventure and curiosity Gold - go overseas in search of eastern luxury items: spices, silk, ect. to sell and trade God - it was their duty to save the heathens from themselves

michael-stokes
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Exploration- 1400’s- 1500s

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  1. Exploration- 1400’s- 1500s • Glory- Renaissance creates new spirit of adventure and curiosity • Gold- go overseas in search of eastern luxury items: spices, silk, ect. to sell and trade • God- it was their duty to save the heathens from themselves • Development of new technology makes it possible (pg 465) • 1 st European nations head east. Control trade in most of Southeast Asia. China/ Japan refuse to trade with Europe. • People in conquered area outside of port towns controlled by Europe mostly not affected from European presence and trade

  2. Countries • Portugal is 1st (pg 467) late 1400s • Outposts in Africa ( Diaz) and then around tip of Africa east into Indian ocean (Vasco de Gama) • In 1500’s controls much of south east Asia • 1600’s other countries take their lands • Spain • Sends Columbus west, 1492 • Takes over Philippines • Dutch • Take spice islands from Portugal • Controls east Indies • Largest fleet( # of boats) by 1600s

  3. 2nd nations move west to AMERICACreate Colonies(pg 493) • Spain lands in Caribbean • explores/ claims central America and Mexico, South America and south west USA • Conquers Aztecs (Cortes), Incas (Pizarro) and Mayans, better weapons, disease • France lands in Canada, south into north USA, islands in Caribbean (1500s) • England lands in central N. America, islands in the Caribbean- 1607 Jamestown, Virginia, John Smith- 1620 Plymouth, Mass, Mayflower, purtians

  4. The New World- • Dutch- NY area and Hudson bay, river, Caribbean islands. Later surrender NY to England without a fight. • Immense trade in plants, food and animals between continents- Columbian Exchange • 1500’s- Beginning of the slave trade to the Americas- • Needed new labor force, not familiar with the land and more immune to disease • Triangular Trade/Middle passage • 1754- French VS. England- (French and Indian War) France loses all land

  5. Commercial Revolution- • Trade increases/ more money to go around • Towns grow • Capitalism- Private (people) own business and invest in business. Merchant class arises • Joint- stock company- several people going in on business together • Mercantilism- Power = money, develop colonies • Find gold/silver • Sell more than you buy But • Most Europeans still live in the country/farm • Most are still poor

  6. Absolutism in Europe- Meanwhile- (517 #2) • Absolutism in Europe- Moving away from power of the Nobles and their self contained empires • Reformation weakens church power/monarchs gain power • Absolutism= monarch controls every aspect of countries affairs, to rule without limits • Divine right- God gave them their position, power and responsibility

  7. Spain • Beginning of Absolute power of the king • 1500’s- Charles V is King of Spain- (Hapsburgs) Controls • American colonies- lots of $ • Emperor of Holy Roman empire (Germany and parts of Italy) • Austria • Netherlands • 1550’s- At his death divides kingdoms between 2 sons- • Philip (son)- Spain, Netherlands and colonies • Ferdinand (bro)- Germany, Austria • Spain loses power- • Unfavorable balance of trade, inflation • wars drain treasury and raise taxes- fight for world power • 1580- Netherlands gain freedom (Catholic vs. protestant)

  8. France • After Charlemagne, feudal territories- Paris Noble power grows become King, power grows after defeat of England (100 years war)1300-1400s • 1589 Henry IV • Strong ruler • Converts to Catholicism to gain popularity • Helps to fix religious wars by ending persecution of protestants – Edict of Nantes, 1598 • Rebuilds France and return to strong Monarch

  9. France- grows in power • 1610 Henry’s son is weak but his advisor Cardinal Richelieu makes up for it and rules behind him, • Strong ruler is continued • Power taken from Nobility • 1643 Louis XIV (pg 525) • Rules absolutely- under Cardinal Mazarin 1st • France grows in power, wealth (after 30 yrs war) • Controls Nobility • Palace of Versailles- showed power and wealth, huge, lavish, beautiful • His costly wars and lavish living left resentment that would build into a revolution.

  10. England • Celts, Early invaders- Anglo-Saxons, Romans, Vikings 1066 Norman Invasion- (from n. France) control Eng., land in France- King gains power, Royal Judges, common law, Jury system 1215 Magna Carta- Kings power limited by nobles, basic political rights, 1295 parliament established- King needs $ for wars 1337-1453- 100 years war- France kicks England out 1527 Henry VIII- breaks away from Catholicism, gains power

  11. Germany- • 30 years war- 1618-1648 • war between Protestant and catholic princes in the Holy Roman Empire • devastated Germany- did not unite until the 1800’s • weakened Spain • Strengthened France • Ends religious wars in Europe

  12. Russia- developed separate from western Europe- focus on Byzantine empire and then controlled by Mongols- not a part of Renaissance or exploration 1462 Ivan III • Conquers territory • Kicks out Mongols • Centralizes government 1696 Govt. in turmoil for 100 yrs. new leader is chosen Peter I- Peter the Great • Romanov family rules until communist uprising in 1917 • Controls nobles/land owners • Controls church • Won seaport from Sweden to use for trade and travel • Westernization- use them for example for change • Modernize army with help of western Europe officers • Increase education • Adopted western type newspapers/ fashions • By the end of Peter’s reign Russia was now a power in Europe

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