Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech

2. A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

3. Of all the world’s monsters, the dragon is the best known. • Ancient cultures imagined the dragon as a giant snake. • Dragons resemble lizards in the artwork of earlier cultures. • Scotland has claimed the monster of Loch Ness for centuries. • Some people have claimed to see Nessie and have even photographed her.

4. Types of Nouns

5. The very idea of monsters can inspire fear in children. • A werewolf is a human who can turn into a wolf. • Contemporary folktales from Germany have added a modern twist to the lore of the werewolf. • Perhaps the savagery of real wolves inspired storytellers to create the myth of the werewolf.

6. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The word the pronoun stands for is called its antecedent.

7. Theathleteextended a hand to hisopponent. Antecedent Pronoun

8. Personal pronouns change form.

9. Sometimes I think about my childhood. • In Hide-and-Seek, one player should cover his eyes. • The other players hide while she counts to 100, and then she shouts, “Ready or not, here I come!” • Players may race back to touch home base before they are found. • If they are successful, the players can hide again in the next game.

10. Children have played their games for generations. • Boys were probably the first jump ropers, impressing girls with their speed. • In hopscotch, children hop over lines and test their balance. • Gail remembers, “One of my favorite games was tag.” • Running was its own reward and being chased was exciting.

11. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. They limit the meaning of the words they modify.

12. Adjectives tell what kind, which one, how many, or how much.

13. blue ocean • those swimmers • many waves • less sunscreen

14. Everyone enjoys a relaxing day at the beach. • I can see about ten umbrellas from where I am standing. • Those umbrellas protect sensitive skin from harmful sunlight. • The hot sand burned my feet. • I look for colorful shells and more rocks for my collection. • I imagine exciting trips to South American ports.

15. Articles are the most common adjectives. Indefinite articles (a and an) refer to unspecified members of groups of people, places, things, or ideas. The is the definite article that refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

16. Everyone enjoys a relaxing day at the beach. • I can see an umbrella from where I am standing. • Those umbrellas protect sensitive skin from the harmful sunlight. • The hot sand burned my feet. • I am looking for colorful shells and rocks to start a collection. • I imagine exciting trips to the South American ports.

17. Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns. They are capitalized and often end in an –n, -ian, -ese, or –ish.

18. A verb is a word used to express action, condition, or a state of being.

19. An action verb expresses a physical or mental action. An action verb that appears with a direct object (a person or thing that receives the action of the verb) is called a transitive verb. An action verb without a direct object is an intransitive verb.

20. A linking verb does not express action. Instead, it links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate.

21. “be” verbs • Type of linking verbs • Examples: • Am • Is • Are • Was • Were • Be • Been • Being

22. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are combined with verbs to form verb phrases.

23. Common Auxiliary Verbs • Forms of “be” • Had • Do • Might • Would • Will • Could • Should

24. I washed the car yesterday. • The dog ate my homework. • John studies English and French. • Chris refuses to Dougie for Ms. Mathews. • A person was killed in the car accident. • I will travel to Spain next summer. • My sister plays basketball in college. • Mike scored the winning touchdown of the game. • The Patriots beat the Raiders on Sunday. • I swam in the ocean.

25. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

26. Adverbs answer the questions where, when, how, and to what extent.

27. Adverbs are often formed by adding –ly to an adjective.

28. go thereleft latespeak softlynearly complete

29. An intensifier is an adverb that defines the degree of an adjective or another adverb. Intensifiers always come BEFORE the adjectives or adverbs that they modify.

30. really easytoo tightly

31. You are never too old for a day at the zoo. • That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood. • My kindergarten teacher was very motherly. • Walk faster if you want to keep up with me. • That was the least skillfully written essay that I have seen in years. • The nurse moved more quickly among the patients. • He arrived to class late. • I really do not like you. • That child simply ignored his mother.