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The Nervous System

Explore the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. Learn about lobes, specialized areas, layers of the cerebrum, and key control centers in the brain stem. Enhance your understanding of how the brain processes sensory information and regulates vital functions.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Regions of the Brain • Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) • Diencephalon • Brain stem • Cerebellum

  3. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.12b

  4. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) • Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain • Includes more than half of the brain mass • The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)

  5. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.13a

  6. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Lobes of the cerebrum • Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes • Surface lobes of the cerebrum • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe

  7. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.13b

  8. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Specialized areas of the cerebrum • Primary somatic sensory area • Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors • Located in parietal lobe • Primary motor area • Sends impulses to skeletal muscles • Located in frontal lobe • Broca’s area • Involved in our ability to speak

  9. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.13c

  10. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.14

  11. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Cerebral areas involved in special senses • Gustatory area (taste) • Visual area • Auditory area • Olfactory area

  12. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Interpretation areas of the cerebrum • Speech/language region • Language comprehension region • General interpretation area

  13. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7.13c

  14. Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum • Layers of the cerebrum • Gray matter—outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies • White matter—fiber tracts deep to the gray matter • Corpus callosum connects hemispheres • Basal nuclei—islands of gray matter buried within the white matter

  15. Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon • Sits on top of the brain stem • Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres • Made of three parts • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Epithalamus

  16. Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7.12b

  17. Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7.16b

  18. Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem • Attaches to the spinal cord • Parts of the brain stem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongata

  19. Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem • Medulla Oblongata • The lowest part of the brain stem • Merges into the spinal cord • Includes important fiber tracts • Contains important control centers • Heart rate control • Blood pressure regulation • Breathing • Swallowing • Vomiting

  20. Regions of the Brain: Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem Figure 7.16b

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