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Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting cells in the brain that regulate muscular coordination. This article explores the anatomy, physiology, and drug therapies related to Parkinson's, emphasizing the impact of dopamine neurotransmitter deficiency. Learn about the pathways, symptoms, and treatment options for managing this condition. 8 Relevant

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Parkinson’s Disease

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  1. Parkinson’s Disease Jazzy Molina

  2. What is it? • A neurodegenerative disease • Cells in the brain involved with muscular coordination and control suffer in impaired ability to synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine. • A disorder in the Basal Ganglia • No cure

  3. Anatomy • Basal Ganglia • Connections: cerebral cortex and thalamus and other areas of the brain

  4. Anatomy • Striatum: caudate and putamen • Excitatory input from cerebral cortex • Inhibitory and excitatory input from the dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra pars compacta • Substantia nigra: production of dopamine

  5. Physiology • Result of loss of number of neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine • Loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons • 60-80 % dopaminergic neurons lost before motor signs of Parkinson’s emerge • Lewy Bodies post-mortem • Hypothesized to represent pre-symptomatic phase of Parkinson’s

  6. Pathway Explanation • Hampers the proper functioning of the nerve pathway • Dopamine from membrane storage vesicle in presynaptic membrane • Crosses the synapse • Binds with postsynaptic membrane • Activates dopamine receptors • Unused is absorbed back into presynaptic cell

  7. Drug Therapy • Levodopa and carbidopa: pill consumed that once it reaches the brain through the blood it is converted into dopamine and stored in neurons until needed • Monoaminooxidase B inhibition: MOA-B inhibitors : stabilize the dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft • Catechol-O-methyl transerase COMT inhibitors: converts a portion of the levodopa into a form that is useless thus making more levodopa in the brain available * only used with levodopa • Dopamine Agonist: mimic the effects of dopamine without having to be converted

  8. Exercise • Dopamine Neurotransmission • Increased speed of release • In synaptic space longer • Changes in receptor density

  9. Thank you!

  10. References • Believe in Better. (n.d.). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from http://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/treatment • Parkinson's Disease - Anatomy, Pathology, Prognosis and Diagnosis. (n.d.). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from https://www.physio-pedia.com/Parkinson%27s_Disease_-_Anatomy,_Pathology,_Prognosis_and_Diagnosis • Parkinson Disease. (2017, August 17). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1831191-overview

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