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TOBACCO AND UROGENITAL CANCER

This mini lecture provides an understanding of the potential threat of cancer in different parts of the body as a result of tobacco use. Learners will gain knowledge about the carcinogens in cigarette smoke, how smoking causes lung cancer, the risk factors for digestive cancers, and the types of urogenital cancer associated with smoking. The lecture also emphasizes the adverse effects of smoking on cancer management and the critical importance of tobacco cessation.

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TOBACCO AND UROGENITAL CANCER

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  1. TOBACCO AND UROGENITAL CANCER Mini Lecture 4 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  2. Objectives of the Mini Lecture GOAL OF MODULE: Provide students with an understanding of the potential threat of  cancer in different parts of the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  Learners will be able to: • Understand the different carcinogens in cigarette smoke and the mechanism of carcinogenesis. • Gain an overview of how smoking causes lung cancer. • Discuss how tobacco is a risk factor for digestive cancers. • Determine the types of urogenital cancer associated with smoking. • Understand the adverse effects of smoking on cancer management and the critical importance of tobacco cessation.

  3. Contents Core Slides Optional Slides Tobacco and Urogenital Cancers: Mechanism • Tobacco and Risk of Urogenital Cancers • Tobacco and Bladder Cancer • Tobacco Kidney Cancer • Cessation and Bladder Cancer

  4. CORE SLIDES Tobacco and Urogenital Cancer Mini Lecture 4 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  5. Tobacco and Risk of Urogenital Cancers • Smoking increases the risk of cancers of the uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and penis.1 • Use of tobacco is a significant risk factor for penile carcinoma; the use of more than one form of tobacco increases this risk.1 1. Harish and Ravi 1995

  6. Tobacco and Bladder Cancer • Cigarette smoking—Most important risk factor for bladder, renal pelvis, or ureter cancers.1 • Exposure to SHS during childhood increased the risk of bladder cancer by 40%2 and 5-fold increased risk for women heavily exposed to SHS.3 • Smokers have 1.5–3 times risk of developing bladder cancer as non smokers.1 • There is a dose–response relationship with both number of cigarettes smoked and duration of cigarette smoking and risk of developing bladder cancer.1 http://www.bohannanfamily.com/chris.bohannanfamily.com/bladder_cancer.jpg 1. Scélo and Brennan 2007; 2. Bjerregaard et al. 2006; 3. Jiang et al. 2007

  7. Tobacco and Kidney Cancer • Cigarette smoking has consistently been observed to be a risk factor for kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter cancer. • Smokers are at an approximately 50% increased risk of developing this cancer compared with never smokers. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/113/309704909_5060c462e3.jpg Scélo and Brennan 2007

  8. Cessation and Bladder Cancer • Tobacco has a late-stage effect in carcinogenesis, and the decrease in risk continues with time since smoking cessation.1 • Smoking cessation reduces risk, but risk in ex-smokers remains higher than never-smokers for more than 20 years.2 www.okc.cc.ok.us/.../Hypothesis_1.htm 1. Scélo and Brennan 2007; 2. Brennan et al. 2000

  9. OPTIONAL SLIDES Tobacco and Urogenital Cancer Mini Lecture 4 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  10. Tobacco and UrogenitalCancers: Mechanism • Benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, naphthylamine, and 4-chloro-ortho- toluidine in cigarette smoke lead to risk of bladder carcinoma.1 • Smokers have decreased natural killer cell activity and impaired T lymphocyte suppressor cell function compared with nonsmokers.2 • One in vitro study found reduced natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced prostate cancer compared with controls.3 www.okc.cc.ok.us/.../Hypothesis_1.htm 1. Scélo and Brennan 2007; 2. Hughes et al.1985; 3. Lahat et al.1989

  11. The most important health message a doctor can give to patients is to quit smoking.

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