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MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY & ENTOMOLOGY

MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY & ENTOMOLOGY. LECTURER: SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI. Intestinal Ciliates. Phylum: Ciliophora Class: Kinetofragminophora Genus: Balantidium Species: coli. The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate. The largest intestinal protozoan. Causing gastroenteritis in man.

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MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY & ENTOMOLOGY

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  1. MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY &ENTOMOLOGY LECTURER: SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI

  2. Intestinal Ciliates • Phylum: Ciliophora • Class: Kinetofragminophora • Genus: Balantidium • Species: coli

  3. The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate. • The largest intestinal protozoan. • Causing gastroenteritis in man. • Have 2 stages: trophozoite, cyst.

  4. Trophozoite • 30-100µm by 30-80µm • Very large ovoid shape. • Large bean-shaped macronucleus. • Small spherical micronucleus. • Numerous cilia. • Cytostome/cytopyge.

  5. Balantidium coli

  6. Cyst • 45-65µm by 30-80µm • Oval or spherical shape. • Large macronucleus.

  7. Life cycle

  8. Life cycle

  9. Transmission • Transmitted by the fecal-oral route, • Reservoir host: pig • Infected food handlers may be implicated in the spread of this disease.

  10. Pathogenesis • Symptoms: abdominal pains, bloody diarrhea. • Severe cases: abscesses and ulcers in the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the large intestine, amebic dysentery. • Chronic infection – some cases r asymptomatic. • Extra intestinal infections in the liver, lungs and other organs.

  11. Diagnosis • Microscopy examination – by examining stool specimens by wet prep and permanently stained smears.

  12. Treatment • Take antimicrobial agents such as: • Tetracycline • Metronidazole • Iodoquinol

  13. Prevention • Practice good personal hygiene. • Have a proper sanitary condition. • Take caution in dealing with pigs.

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