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Balantidium coli: Intestinal Parasite Overview

Learn about the pathogenic intestinal ciliate Balantidium coli, its morphology, life cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention methods. Understand the symptoms and implications of Balantidium coli infections.

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Balantidium coli: Intestinal Parasite Overview

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  1. MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY &ENTOMOLOGY LECTURER: SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI

  2. Intestinal Ciliates • Phylum: Ciliophora • Class: Kinetofragminophora • Genus: Balantidium • Species: coli

  3. The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate. • The largest intestinal protozoan. • Causing gastroenteritis in man. • Have 2 stages: trophozoite, cyst.

  4. Trophozoite • 30-100µm by 30-80µm • Very large ovoid shape. • Large bean-shaped macronucleus. • Small spherical micronucleus. • Numerous cilia. • Cytostome/cytopyge.

  5. Balantidium coli

  6. Cyst • 45-65µm by 30-80µm • Oval or spherical shape. • Large macronucleus.

  7. Life cycle

  8. Life cycle

  9. Transmission • Transmitted by the fecal-oral route, • Reservoir host: pig • Infected food handlers may be implicated in the spread of this disease.

  10. Pathogenesis • Symptoms: abdominal pains, bloody diarrhea. • Severe cases: abscesses and ulcers in the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the large intestine, amebic dysentery. • Chronic infection – some cases r asymptomatic. • Extra intestinal infections in the liver, lungs and other organs.

  11. Diagnosis • Microscopy examination – by examining stool specimens by wet prep and permanently stained smears.

  12. Treatment • Take antimicrobial agents such as: • Tetracycline • Metronidazole • Iodoquinol

  13. Prevention • Practice good personal hygiene. • Have a proper sanitary condition. • Take caution in dealing with pigs.

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