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Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) part I

This presentation provides an overview of GIS and its applications, covering topics such as cartography, geographic analysis, GIS software, databases, and different types of geographic datasets. It also discusses the use of Google Earth/Maps in GIS and the convergence of GPS and GIS.

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Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) part I

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  1. Marcel Fortin GIS & Map Librarian, University of Toronto gis.maps@utoronto.ca www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib February 27th, 2008 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) part I This presentation: http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/temp/FIS/FIS_GIS_Workshop.ppt

  2. Objectives Understand the basic premises of GIS Cartography / Map Making Geographic Analysis By Learning the basics of GIS software and databases Different geographic datasets Basic map creation

  3. Agenda What is not and what is GIS? What are Geospatial Data? Examples of GIS applications Software FYI Data FYI Where do Google Earth/Maps Fit in GIS Services/Education at the U of T

  4. What is not GIS?

  5. What is not a GIS – Scanned Maps

  6. E-maps are not a GIS http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/cartotheque/decoupage-administratif-france-2005.shtml

  7. GPS IS NOT GIS http://www.skyfly.cz/pristroj/image/mage315.jpg

  8. GIS not CAD

  9. What is GIS? A GIS is a computer application with the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information (geospatial data)‏

  10. What are Geospatial data? • Data must “fit” with other data • Geospatial data are georeferenced data (ie. they have a geographic field)‏ • postal codes • Province • City • longitude and latitude • lot numbers • concession numbers • census tract • wards • Air photographs • Etc.

  11. Provinces

  12. Postal Data

  13. Longitude / Latitude

  14. Parcel Information

  15. Air Photos (or other raster imagery)‏ 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 -0.5000000 627995.1250249 4836671.8749751

  16. Road Network File

  17. Combination of “Layers” 1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario

  18. Vector and Raster 01 VectorRaster.mxd

  19. Projection Issues projections.mxd

  20. Thematic / Census Mapping census.mxd

  21. Topographic Mapping 04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd

  22. 3D Mapping 3dmapping.mxd LINE175990487002002FBS.dwg 030m11_0100_deme.dem (global mapper)‏ 06_3DToronto1.sxd 06_3DToronto2.sxd 07_3DVancouver.sxd

  23. Software FYI

  24. Software Campus “Standard” ESRI Site License (campus consortium)‏ ArcGIS (desktop)‏ ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView (free version now available from map library)‏ ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcGIS Server

  25. Making Sense of “ArcWording” Umbrella Flavour Functions ArcGIS ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView ArcMap|ArcToolbox|ArcScene|ArcCatalog Extensions 3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc.

  26. Other Software Options Commercial Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)‏ Oracle FME AutoCad Map ArcGIS for Autocad (see http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-autocad/index.html)‏ Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)‏ Global Mapper Open Source GRASS (desktop)‏ MapServer (web)‏ Thuban QGIS See http://www.freegis.org for more software titles

  27. Data FYI

  28. Data Issues Data Culture (Canada vs. USA)  Feast or Famine Data Management Datasets of Interest Data Selection Data Creation

  29. Data Culture : Feast or Famine Year Datasets Web Server / Intranet Media 1999 3 3 Gb (a few 100 files)‏ 3 CDs 2007 450 Over Tb (millions of files)‏ 1200 CDs/DVDs

  30. Data Culture – Mixed Bag Federal government Geobase.ca  NTDB DEMs now free! Geogratis.ca  NTDB topo data and raster imagery now free! Provincial Governments Ontario  OGDE via libraries or vendors Manitoba  free from download BC and Alberta  pay for some free download for others Municipal Toronto pay Mississauga pay Brampton pay Burlington free Peterborough free London Free

  31. Data Selection and Accuracy

  32. Data Starting Point http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

  33. Data Creation

  34. Data Creation – Waste Disposal Sites 08DataCreation.mxd

  35. Future Historical GIS 1860’s Map of Toronto with roads overlayed. Note the Lakeshore highway’s location.

  36. Open Street Map

  37. Convergence or Confusion? Where do Google Earth/Maps fit in?

  38. Google Earth  The Good It’s Fun Geographic Literacy Geographic Interest Technology Boom Ease of Use Collaboration and sharing of hundreds of digitizing projects

  39. Google Earth  The Good

  40. Google Earth  The Bad “Why do we still fund GIS Projects when there’s Google Earth” – Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Program Function

  41. Google Earth  The Ugly

  42. Google Earth  GIS Convergence Can now convert GIS Layers to KML format even in ArcGIS http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/map.html Can do your own cartography Can do some analysis

  43. Future  GPS / GIS Convergence 11 GPS.mxd

  44. Map, GIS, and Data Library Staff St. George Campus GIS Team GIS & Map Librarian Data Librarian Map Cataloguer Map Processor GIS Analyst Graduate GIS Assistant(s) UTMississauga Campus GIS and Data Librarian GIS Technician

  45. Communication & Teaching GEODATA-l Listserv New Datasets Software upgrades Workshops RCAT Lab One on one teaching One GGR grad course ESRI Virtual Campus

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