Understanding the Nervous System Cells: Neurons & Neuroglia

1. JEOPARDY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

3. CELLS FOR 100 SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TRANSMITTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Check Answer

4. CELLS 100 NEUROGLIA NEURONS Go Back to Game Board

5. NERVES 200 Receptor portion of the neuron Body of the neuron Transmitter portion of the neuron Check Answer

6. Cells 200 Dendrite Cell Body Axon Go Back to Game Board

7. Cells 300 Junction (gap) between 2 neurons Insulating covering over the axon of a neuron What is this composed of in the CNS? PNS? Explain why neurons of the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate. Check Answer

8. Cells 300 Synaptic Cleft Myelin Sheath CNS = oligodendrocytes PNS = Schwann Cells Schwann cells have a neurilemma which allows axons to regenerate Go Back to Game Board

9. A Cells 400 - label B C D E – Insulating cover F CHECK ANSWER

10. Cells 400 GO BACK TO GAME BOARD

11. CELLS 500 INDICATE THE CELL THAT APPLIES 1) SECRETES CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID 2) RECEIVES AND TRANSFERS NERVE IMPULSES 3) FORMS THE MYELIN SHEATH OF THE P.N.S. 4) INVOLVED IN PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MICROORGANISMS 5) SUPPORTS AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO NEURONS 6) FORMS THE MYELIN SHEATH OF THE C.N.S. Check Answer

12. CELLS 500 INDICATE THE CELL THAT APPLIES 1) SECRETES CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID - EPENDYMAL 2) RECEIVES AND TRANSFERS NERVE IMPULSES - NEURONS 3) FORMS THE MYELIN SHEATH OF THE P.N.S. – SCHWANN CELLS 4) INVOLVED IN PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MICROORGANISMS – MICROGLIAL CELLS 5) SUPPORTS AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO NEURONS - ASTROCYTES 6) FORMS THE MYELIN SHEATH OF THE C.N.S. - OLIGODENDROCYTES Go Back to Game Board

13. NERVE IMPULSE 100 When a neuron is at rest and not conducting impulses it has a charge of ___ This is called the __________________ Check Answer

14. Nerve Impulse 100 -70 mV Resting Membrane Potential Go Back to Game Board

15. NERVE IMPULSE 200A neuron will either fully fire or not at all. This is called the___________________Response. Check Answer

16. Nerve Impulse 200 All or none Go Back to Game Board

17. NERVE IMPULSE for 300 This term describes the minimum stimulus needed to get a neuron to fire. This is the charge needed for that to occur. The total of all excitatory and inhibitory signals that determine if a neuron will fire is called _____________________. Check Answer

18. NERVE IMPULSE 300 Threshold -55mV Summation Go Back to Game Board

19. NERVE IMPULSE 400 A neuron at rest has a high concentration of ____ outside of the cell and a high concentration of ____ inside the cell. When a neuron reaches threshold, sodium channels will open one after another, sending a positive charge along the length of the axon. This is called the: When the action potential reaches the end of the neuron the _____ will release _______ to stimulate synapasing neurons. Check Answer

20. NERVE IMPULSE for 400 • Sodium level high outside, low inside • Potassium level high inside, low outside • Action potential • Synaptic bulbs of the axon terminal; Neurotransmitters Go Back to Game Board

21. Nerve Impulse 500-Indicate whether Na+ and K+ channels are open and closed at each point of a nerve firing and the term that goes with each C B A D Check Answer

22. NERVE IMPULSE 500 A = NONE OPEN B = Na+ open, K+ closed = Depolarization C = BOTH OPEN = Repolarization D = K+ OPEN, NA+ closed = Hyperpolarization Go Back to Game Board

23. NERVE IMPULSE. 100 Motor neurons (that send signals from the CNS to effectors) are called: Check Answer

24. MORE NERVE IMPULSE 200 Neurons that are used in memory and association in the brain are called: Neurons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain are called (sensory) Check Answer

25. MORE NERVE IMPULSE 300 Identify the terms for the following: • Nerve fiber • Covering of a nerve fiber • Bundle of nerve fibers • Covering of a nerve fiber bundle • Bundle of fascicles • Covering of a bundle of fascicles Check Answer

26. More nerve impulse 400 Type of conduction where the impulse “leaps” from gaps in the myelin sheath called ______ Process of a cell membrane becoming positive as Na+ channels open Process of a cell membrane becoming negative again as K+ channels open Process of a cell membrane charge dropping below -70mV as K+ channels remain open longer than sodium channels Check Answer

27. More Nerve Impulse 500 Explain how Multiple Sclerosis causes the loss of muscle control. Check Answer

28. More Nerve Impulse for 100 Efferent Go Back to Game Board

29. More Nerve Impulse for 200 Interneurons Afferent Neurons Go Back to Game Board

30. More Nerve Impulse 300 Nerve fiber = Axon Covering of a nerve fiber = ENdoneurium Bundle of nerve fibers = Fascicle Covering of a nerve fiber bundle = Perineurium Bundle of fascicles = Nerve Covering of a bundle of fascicles = Epineurium Go Back to Game Board

31. More Nerve Impulse CONT. 400 Saltatory, Nodes of Ranvier Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization Go Back to Game Board

32. MORE NERVE IMPULSE 500 MS occurs when the immune system attacks Schwann Cells that compose the myelin sheath. With the sheath damaged, the nerve signal cannot travels slower and is often interrupted. This can cause loss of fine motor control and even full paralysis. Go Back to Game Board

33. Nervous System Comparison – 100 The part of the nervous system under voluntary control is called the: The part of the nervous system that is involuntary is called: Check Answer

34. Nervous System Comparison- 200 What are the 2 main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Check Answer

35. NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPARISON 300 What part of your nervous system (be specific) is activated in a stressful situation What part of your nervous system is activated after a meal and has a relaxing effect? Check Answer

36. NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPARISON 400 THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: USES WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER? AFFECTS WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE? IS INVOLUNTARY OR VOLUNTARY? Check Answer

37. NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPARISON 500 FOR THE PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INDICATE THE FOLLOWING: -NICKNAME FOR EACH -NEUROTRANSMITTER USED -TERM THAT DESCRIBES IF EXCITATORY OR RELAXING -PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS EACH Check Answer

38. ANATOMY for 100 Somatic Autonomic Go Back to Game Board

39. ANATOMY for 200 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Go Back to Game Board

40. ANATOMY 300 Parasympathetic – after a meal Sympathetic – During fear Go Back to Game Board

41. ANATOMY for 400 ACH Skeletal Voluntary Go Back to Game Board

42. ANATOMY 500 Sympa = Fight or Flight Para = Rest and Digest Sympa = Adrenergic Para = Cholinergic Sympa = N.E. Para = ACH Brain = Hypothalamus Go Back to Game Board

43. MISC. for 100 When a neuron reaches threshold, ___ channels will open changing the charge on the membrane to _____. This is called __________________. Check Answer

44. MISC. for 200 As the neuron membrane depolarizes, it causes a cascade of events where neighboring sodium channels will open – passing the positive charge along the membrane. This is called the ______. As the signal is passed from neuron to neuron to its final location, it represents a ______________. Check Answer

45. MISC for 300 The junction where 2 neurons meet is called the: These chemicals are released at the synpase. List 2 examples of these chemicals Check Answer

46. MISC for 400 Indicate the part of your nervous system used in the following situations: When you get nervous before a performance Voluntarily moving your muscles Digesting a big meal Feeling shaky after a dangerous encounter Check Answer

47. MISC for 500Beginning with a neuron in its resting state, go through the entire process of an impulse transmission, ending with the neuron being rest for future use. Use the terms, repolarization, depolarization, action potential, resting membrane potential, threshold, and hyperpolarization in your response . Check Answer

48. MISC for 100 Sodium +30mV Depolarization Go Back to Game Board

49. MISC for 200 Action potential Nerve impulse Go Back to Game Board

50. MISC for 300 Synapse Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Dopamine Go Back to Game Board