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Figure 3. Example of fully successful and partially successful simulation of simple arm elevation. (a) Elevation angle that model is aiming to achieve (model input). (b) Activation patterns of 3 heads of deltoid, which are outputs of simulation that included all candidatemuscles individually activated. (c) Simulation included nonselective cuff electrode on axillary nerve, where activations of different heads of muscle are constrained to be the same. Gray bands show time steps for which simulation was unsuccessful, with activations constrained in this way. Blana D, Hincapie JG, Chadwick EK, Kirsch RF. Selection of muscle and nerve-cuff electrodes for neuroprostheses using customizable musculoskeletal model. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(3):395–408.http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0034