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The science of chemistry

Chapter 1. The science of chemistry. Chemical is any substance with a definite composition. Can you come up with any examples? Misconception: That chemicals differ from substances and materials in nature. 1-1 What is Chemistry?. What forms do chemicals come in?

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The science of chemistry

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  1. Chapter 1 The science of chemistry

  2. Chemical is any substance with a definite composition. Can you come up with any examples? Misconception:That chemicals differ from substances and materials in nature. 1-1 What is Chemistry?

  3. What forms do chemicals come in? Physical state – arrangement of particles in matter. 1-1 What is Chemistry?

  4. Chemical Reaction – elements and/or compounds rearrange to form new compounds 1-1 What is Chemistry?

  5. Chemical reactions are classified by energy being given off or absorbed during the process. • Exothermic reaction - energy is given off during the reaction (energy is released as bonds are broken) • Endothermic reaction – energy is absorbed during the reaction (more energy is needed to break bonds than to form the bonds on the product side) 1-1 What is Chemistry?

  6. It is important to have a good definition of matter when studying chemistry ……because chemistry is the study of matter and how it interacts. • Matter is anything that has mass and volume • Mass – quantity of matter in an object (expressed in grams or kilograms and use a balance to measure it) • Volume – amount of space an object occupies (expressed in L, mL or dm3 and use a graduated cylinder to measure liquids) • What is the difference between mass and weight? 1-2 What is matter?

  7. Qualitative vs Quantitative measurement 1-2 What is matter?

  8. What can we measure and how can we measure it? 1-2 What is matter?

  9. Problem Solving and Dimensional Analysis Find the equality between the two units Make a conversion factor (relates two units of measure and is a way to change from one unit to another.) Multiply given quantity by the conversion factor so the original unit cancels out 1-2 What is matter?

  10. Metric system is a system of measure based on units of 10 and is used by scientists. 1-2 What is matter?

  11. Derived units – created from a combination of base units. • Volume of a regular solid = L x W x H • Density = mass/volume • Rate of speed = distance / time 1-2 What is matter?

  12. Physical Property – describes measurable, physical attributes of the substance Ex. Density, odor, color, melting point, boiling point Chemical Property – refers to the ability of substances to forms new substances Ex. Flammable, toxic, inert 1-2 What is matter?

  13. Physical Change generally a phase change (substance will still have same chemical formula) 1-2 What is matter?

  14. Chemical Change bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are firmed to create new substances with new chem/phys properties 1-2 What is matter? Indicators of a Chemical Change Color change Gas is produced Energy is released or absorbed Precipitate is formed

  15. Compounds – formed by 2 or more elements being bonded chemically Elements – composed of only one type of atom 1-3 What is the nature of matter?

  16. Some elements have allotropic forms. It is due to the way it is bonded and the number of atoms present. 1-3 What is the nature of matter?

  17. Classification of Matter

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