Practice Quiz 3

1. Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6

2. For the quiz … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… No apples sold in Minnesota are mushy weapons I’ll ask you for its • quality • qualifier • quantity • quantifier • copula • distribution • letter name • terms

3. 1 Consider: No non-A are B (T) Obversion • Some non-A are B. (F) • All A are non-B. (Und.) • All non-A are non-B. (T) • Some non-A are not B. (T) • No B are non-A. (T)

4. 2 Consider: All A are non-B. (F) Contraposition • All A are non-B. (F) • All non-B are A. (Und.) • No non-A are B. (Und.) • All B are non-A. (F) • Some non-A are not B. (T)

5. 3 Consider: Some A are not non-B. (T)  Some A are B. • Contraposition (T) • Contrary (F) • Conversion (T) • Obversion (T) • Subcontrary (Und.)

6. 4 Consider: Some non-A are B. (F)  Some B are non-A. • Subcontrary (T) • Conversion (Und.) • Contraposition (Und.) • Conversion (F) • Contraposition (F)

7. 5 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: Some A are non-B. (F)  Some A are not non-B. (F) • Illicit, contrary • Illicit, subalternation • Subcontrary • Illicit, subcontrary • Contraposition

8. 6 No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram … • Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1. • Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. • Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. • There is an X in area 2. • Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

9. 7 All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram … • Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. • Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. • Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. • There is an X in area 2. • Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

10. 8 Shade area 2 and place an X in area 1. Which of the following would be valid inferences: • shaded area 2. • an X in area 3. • an X in area 1. • shaded 1. • no X’s or shadings.

11. 9 Shade area 1 and place an X in area 2. Which of the following would be valid inferences: • shaded area 2. • an X in area 3. • shaded area 1, and X in area 2. • shaded 1. • no X’s or shadings.

12. 10 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: No non-A are B. (T)  Some non-A are not B. (F) • Illicit, subalternation • Illicit, contradictory • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

13. 11 Assume Boole (Modern standpoint). Consider: No A are B. (T)  Some A are B. (F) • Existential fallacy • Illicit, contradictory • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

14. 12 Assume Boole (Modern standpoint). Consider: No A are B. (T)  All A are B. (F) • Existential fallacy • Illicit, contrary • Contradictory • Illicit, subcontrary • Conversion

15. 13 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint) All square circles are happy shapes.  Some square circles are happy shapes. • Existential fallacy • Valid, contradictory • Valid, subcontrary • Invalid, subalternation • Invalid, contrary

16. Conditional Validity Remember, if asked to test for conditional validity, assume Aristotelian standpoint (put a circled X in any unshaded area of the subject circle of a universal proposition). Test for validity. If valid, check to see whether the subject matter of the proposition exists. If so, Conditionally Valid. If not, Existential Fallacy. Example on next slide:

17. Conditionally Valid? No Moms are Tired Workers  Some Moms are not Tired Workers Conditionally Valid, or Existential Fallacy? X X M M T T

18. Answer Key … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… No apples sold in Minnesota are mushy weapons I’ll ask you for its • quality (Negative) • qualifier (‘No’) • quantity (Universal) • quantifier (‘No’) • copula (‘are’) • distribution (both Subject and Predicate) • letter name (‘E’) • terms (apples sold in Minnesota=subject term … mushy weapons=predicate term)

19. Answer Key 1=C, 2=D, 3=D, 4=D, 5=D, 6=A, 7=E, 8=A and C, 9=C and D, 10=A, 11=C (valid inference), 12=A, 13=A Final slide: Conditionally valid because ‘moms’ exist.