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Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

Revolution Brings Reform & Terror. Ch.7 Sec.2. Assembly Reforms France. The Rights of Man Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Very similar to DOI Included rights : Liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression Did NOT apply to women

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Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

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  1. Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Ch.7 Sec.2

  2. Assembly Reforms France • The Rights of Man • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Very similar to DOI • Included rights : Liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression • Did NOT apply to women • Olympe de Gouges- published Declaration of the rights of women • Ideas were rejected/killed a year later

  3. Assembly Reforms France • State-Controlled Church • Gov. took over church lands & declared church officials/priests were to be elected and paid as state officials • $$$ earned from selling of lands helped pay off debt • Alarmed peasants who were devout Catholics • Felt pope should rule over church independent from state • Caused peasants to oppose assembly’s reforms

  4. Divisions Develop • Limited Monarchy • September 1791- National Assembly completed new Constitution • Stripped Louis XVI of many of his powers • Legislative Assembly- approve laws & approve/reject declarations of war • King- power to enforce laws

  5. Divisions Develop • Legislative Assembly split into THREE groups to handle France’s problems (food shortages, debt, etc.) • Radicals • Sat on the left, opposed monarchy, wanted complete change in gov. operations • Moderates • Sat in center & wanted some changes to gov. • Conservatives • Sat on right, liked limited monarchy & wanted few changes

  6. War & Execution • Neighboring countries feared similar revolutions in their countries • Austria & Prussia urged French people to restore Louis XVI to absolute monarch • Legislative Assembly responded by declaring war in 1792

  7. France @ War • War started bad for French as foreign troops were closing in on Paris • French citizens felt that King/Queen were helping the enemy • Angry citizens arrested/imprisoned King/Queen • Many nobles, priests, & royal supporters were massacred • National Assembly • Set aside Constitution • Deposed of king & national assembly • Called for new governing body- National Convention

  8. National Convention • Abolished monarchy & declared France a republic • Adult/male citizens were granted right to hold office & vote • Women were not given same rights • Louis XVI • Reduced to common citizen/prisoner • Tried & found guilty of treason- executed by guillotine • War continues • 1793- Great Britain, Holland, & Spain join Austria and Prussia against French • National Convention ordered 300,000 French citizens to join army • Grew t0 800,000 by 1794 & included women

  9. Robespierre Assumes Control • 1793 MaxunilienRobespierre gains control of France • Wanted o wipe away any trace of France’s past • Changes: • Changed calendar to 12 months/30 days with no Sundays • Felt religion was old-fashioned & dangerous • Closed all of churches in France • Ruled France as dictator

  10. Robespierre: Reign of Terror • Committee of Public Safety • Protect revolution from enemies • Enemies (mostly radicals) were tried and often executed by guillotine • Death toll • Estimated 40,000 people were executed during Robespierre’s Reign • 85% of people executed were peasants (pg.224 chart)

  11. End of Terror • July 1794- National Convention turned on Robespierre • Feared for their own safety • Robespierre was executed by guillotine • New government • Third plan since 1789 • Two-house legislature & executive body of 5 men called the Directory • Napoleon Bonaparte- made general to command French army

  12. Review Questions • DO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER: • Pg.225 #1 • Pg.227 #3 • Pg.227 #5

  13. What to work on • Guided Reading Sec.1-2---DUE TODAY • Voacb- Due Tomorrow • Worksheet– Due Tomorrow

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