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Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

Explore the Assembly reforms in France, rights of man, divisions, war, execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and the end of terror. Learn about the significant events that shaped the course of the French Revolution.

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Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

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  1. Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Ch.7 Sec.2

  2. Assembly Reforms France • The Rights of Man • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Very similar to DOI • Included rights : Liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression • Did NOT apply to women • Olympe de Gouges- published Declaration of the rights of women • Ideas were rejected/killed a year later

  3. Assembly Reforms France • State-Controlled Church • Gov. took over church lands & declared church officials/priests were to be elected and paid as state officials • $$$ earned from selling of lands helped pay off debt • Alarmed peasants who were devout Catholics • Felt pope should rule over church independent from state • Caused peasants to oppose assembly’s reforms

  4. Divisions Develop • Limited Monarchy • September 1791- National Assembly completed new Constitution • Stripped Louis XVI of many of his powers • Legislative Assembly- approve laws & approve/reject declarations of war • King- power to enforce laws

  5. Divisions Develop • Legislative Assembly split into THREE groups to handle France’s problems (food shortages, debt, etc.) • Radicals • Sat on the left, opposed monarchy, wanted complete change in gov. operations • Moderates • Sat in center & wanted some changes to gov. • Conservatives • Sat on right, liked limited monarchy & wanted few changes

  6. War & Execution • Neighboring countries feared similar revolutions in their countries • Austria & Prussia urged French people to restore Louis XVI to absolute monarch • Legislative Assembly responded by declaring war in 1792

  7. France @ War • War started bad for French as foreign troops were closing in on Paris • French citizens felt that King/Queen were helping the enemy • Angry citizens arrested/imprisoned King/Queen • Many nobles, priests, & royal supporters were massacred • National Assembly • Set aside Constitution • Deposed of king & national assembly • Called for new governing body- National Convention

  8. National Convention • Abolished monarchy & declared France a republic • Adult/male citizens were granted right to hold office & vote • Women were not given same rights • Louis XVI • Reduced to common citizen/prisoner • Tried & found guilty of treason- executed by guillotine • War continues • 1793- Great Britain, Holland, & Spain join Austria and Prussia against French • National Convention ordered 300,000 French citizens to join army • Grew t0 800,000 by 1794 & included women

  9. Robespierre Assumes Control • 1793 MaxunilienRobespierre gains control of France • Wanted o wipe away any trace of France’s past • Changes: • Changed calendar to 12 months/30 days with no Sundays • Felt religion was old-fashioned & dangerous • Closed all of churches in France • Ruled France as dictator

  10. Robespierre: Reign of Terror • Committee of Public Safety • Protect revolution from enemies • Enemies (mostly radicals) were tried and often executed by guillotine • Death toll • Estimated 40,000 people were executed during Robespierre’s Reign • 85% of people executed were peasants (pg.224 chart)

  11. End of Terror • July 1794- National Convention turned on Robespierre • Feared for their own safety • Robespierre was executed by guillotine • New government • Third plan since 1789 • Two-house legislature & executive body of 5 men called the Directory • Napoleon Bonaparte- made general to command French army

  12. Review Questions • DO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER: • Pg.225 #1 • Pg.227 #3 • Pg.227 #5

  13. What to work on • Guided Reading Sec.1-2---DUE TODAY • Voacb- Due Tomorrow • Worksheet– Due Tomorrow

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