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Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics. An Introduction. What’s this course all about?. Not! Paint and Imaging packages (Adobe Photoshop,…) Cad packages (AutoCAD,…) Rendering packages (Lightscape,…) Modelling packages (3D Studio MAX,…) Animation packages (Digimation,…)

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Computer Graphics

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  1. Computer Graphics An Introduction

  2. What’s this course all about? Not! Paint and Imaging packages (Adobe Photoshop,…) Cad packages (AutoCAD,…) Rendering packages (Lightscape,…) Modelling packages (3D Studio MAX,…) Animation packages (Digimation,…) Graphics Modelling and Languages (RenderMan,..) Lecture 1

  3. What’s this course all about? We will cover… Graphics programming and algorithms Graphics data structures Graphics APIs (OpenGL,…) Applied geometry, modelling and rendering Well, it is a Computer Science course! Lecture 1

  4. Computer Graphics is about animation (films) Major driving force now Lecture 1

  5. Games are very important in Computer Graphics Lecture 1

  6. Medical Imaging is another driving force Much financial support Promotes linking of graphics with video, scans, etc. Lecture 1

  7. Computer Aided Design too Lecture 1

  8. Scientific Visualisation To view below and above our visual range Lecture 1

  9. Graphics Pipelines • Graphics processes generally execute sequentially • Typical ‘pipeline’ model • There are two ‘graphics’ pipelines • The Geometry or 3D pipeline • The Imaging or 2D pipeline Lecture 1

  10. Animation/Interaction : time Modeling: shapes Shading: reflectionandlighting Transformation: viewing Hidden Surface Elimination Geometry Pipeline Imaging Pipeline Lecture 1

  11. Geometry RasterizationandSampling Texture Mapping Image Composition Intensity and Colour Quantization Framebuffer/Display Imaging Pipeline Pipeline Lecture 1

  12. An example thro’ the pipeline… The scene we are trying to represent: Images courtesy of Picture Inc. Lecture 1

  13. Wireframe model – Orthographic views Lecture 1

  14. Perspective View Lecture 1

  15. Depth Cue Lecture 1

  16. Hidden Line Removal – add colour Lecture 1

  17. Constant Shading - Ambient Lecture 1

  18. Faceted Shading - Flat Lecture 1

  19. Gouraud shading, no specular highlights Lecture 1

  20. Specular highlights added Lecture 1

  21. Phong shading Lecture 1

  22. Texture mapping Lecture 1

  23. Texture mapping Lecture 1

  24. Reflections, shadows & Bump mapping Lecture 1

  25. Graphics Definitions • Point • a location in space, 2D or 3D • sometimes denotes one pixel • Line • straight path connecting two points • infinitesimal width, consistent density • beginning and end on points Lecture 1

  26. Graphics Definitions • Vertex • point in 3D • Edge • line in 3D connecting two vertices • Polygon/Face/Facet • arbitrary shape formed by connected vertices • fundamental unit of 3D computer graphics Lecture 1

  27. Graphics Definitions • Raster • derived from TV systems for a row of pixels • commonly referred to as a scanline • does influence algorithms – reducing memory requirements, parallelism, etc. • is the derivation of rasterization, scan-line algorithms Lecture 1

  28. Raster interlaced scanning Lecture 1

  29. Raster pros and cons • Disadvantages • Requires screen-sized memory array • Discrete spatial sampling (pixels) • Moire patterns result when shadow-mask and dot-pitch frequencies are mismatched • Convergence (varying angles of approach distance of e-beam across CRT face) • Limit on practical size (< 40 inches) • Spurious X-ray radiation • Occupies a large volume • Advantages • Allows solids to be displayed • Uses low-cost CRT H/W (TVs) • Whole Screen is constantly updated • Bright light-emitting display technology Lecture 1

  30. Summary • The course is about algorithms, not applications • Graphics execution is a pipelined approach • Most of the steps introduced with an example • Basic definitions presented • Some support resources indicated Lecture 1

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