Rocks and Minerals

1. Rocks and Minerals Created by Kristin Wade Kennesaw State University Masters in Early Childhood Education ECE 8814 / 01 Georgia Performance Standards Science--S3E1: Students will investigate the physical attributes of rocks and soils. Math--M3D1: Students will create and interpret simple tables and graphs.

2. Table of Contents • What is A Rock? • Three Types of Rocks • Igneous Rocks • Examples of Igneous Rocks • Sedimentary Rocks • Examples of Sedimentary Rocks • Metamorphic Rocks • Did you Know? • The Rock Cycle: How Rocks Form and Change • Minerals • How are Minerals Identified • Moh’s Hardness Scale • Common Minerals and their Uses • Are You Ready To Rock? • So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound? • The Rock Cycle Song • Lights, Camera, Action! (Video Clips ) • Test Your Knowledge

3. What is a Rock? The Earth is made of mostly rocks. Rocks are non- living solids found in nature comprised of minerals. Rocks can be found on Earth’s surface and in layers on the inside of the Earth. • The crust is Earth’s thin outer layer and here the rocks are solid. • The mantle is a thick layer of hot rock and some of the rock is soft. • The core is made up of two parts: the inner core and outer core. The rock in the outer core is so hot that it is liquid. The inner core stays solid due to the weight of the planet pressing in on it. It is hooter than the mantle.

5. Igneous Rocks • Igneous Rocks are the oldest types of rocks • Sometimes called “fire rocks” • When they are formed under Earth’s surface they are called intrusive – hot magma cools slowly forming large crystals • When they are formed above ground they are called extrusive – magma that erupts from a volcano becomes larva • Lava cools quickly creating rocks with small crystals

6. Examples of Igneous Rocks

7. Sedimentary Rocks • Rock made from sand, mud and pieces of older rock and often have layers • Sedimentary Rock could contain skeletons and shells of animals that lived long ago • Sedimentary Rocks form at or near Earth’s surface from sediments that are deposited by wind or flowing water • Sedimentary rock can be formed by pressure of sediment layers pressing on top of each other or by cementing where they get glued together by minerals that are dissolved in water

8. Examples of Sedimentary Rocks

9. Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks are igneous and sedimentary rocks that have gone through some type pf change. • Metamorphic rocks from deep in the earth. They can be under a lot of AND which over can cause them to become a new kind of rock!! HOW COOL!!

10. DID YOU KNOW? Most of the rock that is found in the first ten miles of our planet is Igneous. About 95%.

12. So, You Think You’re A Rock Hound? Can you solve the Mystery of the Floating Rock? Click here to become a Rock EXPERT! Learn more about the ROCK CYCLE with Tim and Moby ROCK GAMES

13. Minerals …the building blocks of rocks

14. How Are Minerals Identified?

15. Moh's Hardness Scale

16. Common Minerals

17. Are You Ready To Rock? • Study the graph. • Can you list the minerals from greatest hardness to least? • How about least to greatest? • Write three questions about the information on this graph on an index card. • Trade your questions with a partner to solve. • Check each other’s answers.

18. Rock Cycle Song(Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat") SEDIMENTARY rockHas been formed in layersOften found near water sourcesWith fossils from decayers Then there's IGNEOUS rockHere since Earth was bornMolten Lava, cooled and hardenedThat's how it is formed These two types of rocksCan also be transformedWith pressure, heat and chemicalsMETAMORPHIC they'll become. • ( Don't forget to sing this as a "Round"; after all, it is the Rock "Cycle"! )

19. Lights, Camera, Action Click on the links below to watch video clips about erupting volcanoes and fossil research. • Active Volcanoes • Japan Volcano • Mexico’s Volcano • Fossil Diving

20. Test Your Knowledge How well do you know your rocks? Click on “Rocky” to find out.