Development Opportunities and Challenges of Europe’s seas.

1. Development Opportunities and Challenges of Europe’s seas. Professor Dave Shaw and Sue Kidd, University of Liverpool Estador Lead Partner

2. Structure of the Presentation • The growing importance of the seas in the territorial cohesion debate • ESPON stepping into the sea • European Seas and Territorial Development Opportunities and Risks (Estador) • Policy Implications

3. 16. MSP Pilot Outputs: Identification of multiple use • Landuse • Tourism • Oil &Gas • Mariculture • Coastal Defence • Ports & Navigation • Military Activities • Culture • Conservation • Dredging & Disposal • Fishing • Renewable Energy • Marine Recreation • Mineral Extraction • Submarine Cables

4. Terrestrial / Marine Territories

5. Portuguese attempts to extend territorial sovereignty

6. Importance of European Seas Policy Context Policy Response Land use planning long tradition Integrated Coastal Zone Management Marine Spatial Planning Draft European Directive on Marine Spatial Planning and ICZM New negotiations regarding Common Strategic Framework Integrated land sea interactions National, transnational • Part of the territorial agenda (going beyond terrestrial) • Three dimensional spaces requiring planning to reconcile conflicts between users and uses • Early approaches environmental in character • Need to think about land sea interactions

7. European Policy Context • Territorial Agenda of the EU 2020 • ‘Maritime activities are essential for territorial cohesion in Europe. ........ The Marine Strategy Framework Directive and EU Integrated Maritime Policy call for coordinated actions from Member States on maritime spatial planning. Such planning should be integrated into the existing planning systems to enable harmonious and sustainable development of a land-sea continuum.’ • The ‘Blue Growth’ initiative aims to elaborate the maritime dimension of the Europe 2020 strategy. • "smart, sustainable and inclusive economic and employment growth from the oceans, seas and coasts". • A long term strategy to support growth in the maritime sector as a whole • All the sectoral and cross-sectoral economic activities related to the oceans, seas and coasts • Focus on emerging, existing and potential activities such as short sea shipping, coastal tourism, offshore wind energy, desalination, marine biotech .

8. An Introduction to Estador • Map the different types of sea use across Europe to develop typology of coastal/marine regions drawing on existing ESPON typologies • Identify developmental opportunities and risks for different coastal/marine regions • Explore best practice in terms of terrestrial-marine governance • Provide guidance and advice on how these critical assets can be effectively and democratically managed • Suggest further areas for research to maximise opportunities, but minimise human impacts on marine assets

10. Project Challenges, Findings and Reflections • Data and Mapping • Challenges and recommendations • Typology • Informing maritime policy development • Governance • Integration is key

11. From NUTS to MUTS!

12. Lots of Maps!!!

13. Lots of Maps!!!

14. Data Collection Recommendations • The EU should develop a common framework for the collection of maritime data to facilitate harmonisation and consistency of spatial data across maritime regions. • The scope of maritime data collection should be broadened thematically, spatially and beyond the current ESPON boundaries to develop a more comprehensive understanding of land- sea interactions. • Existing maritime data sources should be made more widely accessible. • In order to facilitate more consistent approaches to mapping land-sea interactions, the 10x10km grid square framework used in this project should be adopted as a marine equivalent to the NUTS units used on land.

15. Towards a Typology of land sea interaction

16. Composite Maps

17. Intensity of Activities Coldspots Hotspots

18. Typology

19. Typology Recommendations • The typology of maritime regions developed in this project could be used as a spatial tool for understanding land-sea interactions and informing integrated maritime policy development at a range of different scales. • Transnational programmes (e.g. INTERREG) should make use of the typology, maritime scenarios and regional sea reports produced by ESaTDOR in developing their future activities.

20. Transnational Governance Arrangements

21. Governance Recommendations • Maritime spatial planning needs continuing support and promotion at both EU and national level to ensure that states maximise the opportunities presented by Blue Growth in a way that is consistent with the ambitions of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, whilst contributing to the territorial cohesion objectives of the Territorial Agenda of the European Union 2020. • At a European scale, there should be greater recognition of the importance of marine space within EU activities and greater integration of sectoral policies with maritime dimensions. Close collaboration between DGs Environment, Mare, Move, Energy and Regio (for example) should be encouraged. • There is a need for continuing efforts to develop effective transnational working in support of maritime spatial planning at different spatial scales. • National governments should develop integrated maritime planning arrangements that ensure consistent planning across the land sea continuum in both national and transnational space that takes account of the strength of land-sea interactions.

22. The Future? • Sea’s are being increasingly recognised as part of the territorial agenda. • Challenges • Planning in national space • Planning in transnational space through collaborative action • Estador new ways of envisioning land sea interactions • But we have only just begun