Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

1. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Ian Hardy (ASPIRE Defence)

2. Contents • Introduction to Allenby Connaught • Brief explanation of CHP • Drivers for using CHP • Technical issues • Planning issues • Conclusion

3. Allenby Connaught • To provide barracks services to the British Army at the Aldershot and Salisbury Plain Sites for 35 Years and is the largest infrastructure PFI ever let by the Ministry of Defence to date • Awarded 2006. • To provide over 11500 on site accommodation bed spaces with ensuite and all associated facilities including mess, dining, sports, technical storage and garages, offices, medical centres etc.

4. Allenby Connaught • Sustainability • Rain water Harvesting • Solar thermal domestic hot water heating • Micro CHP/Medium Scale CHP

5. Allenby Connaught • Sustainability • Rain Water Harvesting

6. Allenby Connaught • Sustainability • Solar Thermal

7. Allenby Connaught • Sustainability • CHP

8. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • What is Combined Heat and Power?

9. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • CHP

10. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • CHP

11. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • Sizes CHP • Micro - Less than 5kWe • Mini/Small Scale – 5kWe – 500kWe • Medium – 500kWe - 1MWe • Large – Greater than 1MWe

12. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • General Technical • Typically natural gas fired but can use other fuels including bio oils and methane. • Micro domestic size units typically use sterling engines • Larger units typically use reciprocating engine (Often modified car engines) • The electrical generation being close to the point of use reduces transmission losses.

13. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • CHP Layout

14. Allenby Connaught • BAXI CHP

15. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • Domestic CHP

16. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) • Site CHP feeding DHM

17. Drivers for using CHP • Building Regulations • Financial • Planning Sustainable – Merton Rule etc • Corporate Image (e.g. DEC)

18. CHP - Technical issues • Sizing – Matching the load • Larger units will modulate output down to as low as 30-40%, small units are typically on/off but can also modulate. • Typically sized to the base heating load. – This makes applications such as swimming pools good candidates for CHP • Heat rejection can be used to keep the unit running and producing electricity during low heat periods but this is rarely economic. • If not exporting electrical load this can be a limiting factor • Need to have back up heating plant – boilers • Cycling – Starting repeatedly to match a small load causes wear.

19. CHP - Technical issues • Grid Connection -Load on the National Electrical Grid is becoming an issue. • In the future the need for heating should reduce as technologies such as Passivhaus and Zero Carbon become the norm. This limits CHP applications as there is no useful heat demand.

20. CHP - Technical issues • The financial case • Feed In tariffs • approx 11p/kWh (Less than 2kWe) compared to approx 15p/kWh for solar PV • Use electrical within building as export rates are not typically competitive. • Other grants apply including ROCs and the Green Deal. • Avoid exporting electricity • Heat output - Avoid dumping heat • Rule of thumb run for min 4000 hours per year (8760 hours available) • Maintenance cost are a key factor in terms of commercial viability • Life typically 10-15 years • Spark gap – Lower gas cost and higher electric rate – more competitive

21. CHP and Planning • Physical implications • Typically CHP plant that is incorporated into buildings at micro level is small and has little physical impact on the planning issues for a building. No more than a large boiler.

22. CHP and Planning Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy (Superseded in 2012 by National Planning Policy Framework NPPF) • “Small Scale Renewable Energy Developments • 18. Local planning authorities and developers should consider the opportunity for • incorporating renewable energy projects in all new developments. Small scale renewable • energy schemes utilising technologies such as solar panels, Biomass heating, small scale • wind turbines, photovoltaic cells and combined heat and power schemes can be • incorporated both into new developments and some existing buildings. Local planning • authorities should specifically encourage such schemes through positively expressed • policies in local development documents.”

23. CHP and Planning • Merton Rule • “All proposals for major non-residential development will be • expected to incorporate renewable energy production equipment • to provide at least 10% of their predicted energy requirements • from renewable sources.” • NPPF • “Support the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking • full account of flood risk and coastal change, and encourage the reuse of • existing resources, including conversion of existing buildings, and • encourage the use of renewable resources (for example, by the • development of renewable energy);”

24. CHP and Planning • East Hampshire District Local Plan • “provides at least 10% of energy demand from decentralised and renewable or low carbon energy sources (if possible, including connections to a district heating system), unless it is proven that this is not feasible or viable”

25. Conclusion • In the right scenario CHP is a viable energy saving measure with proven financial returns and good CO2 saving credentials. • Correct sizing of the system is essential to success. • Easily integrated into a building with minimal physical planning issues at small and medium scale. • Release of 2013 Building Regs is likely to make it an even more attractive solution for compliance. • CHP - a viable solution to meet Planning criteria for “low carbon energy sources” .

26. Thank you for listening.