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Computer Forensics Tools

Computer Forensics Tools. Hardware and Software Forensic Tools. Computer Forensic Tools. Tools are used to analyze digital data & prove or disprove criminal activity Used in 2 of the 3 Phases of Computer Forensics Acquisition – Images systems & gathers evidence

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Computer Forensics Tools

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  1. Computer Forensics Tools Hardware and Software Forensic Tools

  2. Computer Forensic Tools • Tools are used to analyze digital data & prove or disprove criminal activity • Used in 2 of the 3 Phases of Computer Forensics • Acquisition – Images systems & gathers evidence • Analysis – Examines data & recovers deleted content • Presentation – Tools not used

  3. Admissibility of Forensic Evidence in Court • Data must be relevant & reliable • Reliability of evidence gathered by tools assessed by judge in pre-trial hearing aka Daubert Hearing • Assesses Methodology to gather evidence • Sound scientific practices? • Reliable evidence?

  4. Pre-trial Hearings • Frye Test – past method • Responsibility on scientific community • Defined acceptable evidence gathering procedures • Used Peer Reviewed Journals • Daubert Hearing – current method • Offers additional methods to test quality of evidence Source: http://www.owlinvestigations.com/forensic_articles/aural_spectrographic/standards_of_admissibility.html

  5. Daubert Hearing Process • Testing – Is this procedure tested? • Error Rate – What is the error rate of this procedure? • Publication – Has procedure been published and reviewed by peers? • Acceptance – Is the procedure generally accepted within the relevant scientific community? Sources: http://www.daubertexpert.com/basics.html http://onin.com/fp/daubert_links.html#whatisadauberthearing

  6. Types of Security Software • Network Firewall • Remote Access • Network Security Management • Vulnerability Management • Wireless • Emergent Technology • Antispyware • Antivirus • Authentication • E-Mail Security • Identity & Access Management • Intrusion Detection • Intrusion Prevention

  7. Types of Forensic Software • Acquisition Tools • Data Discovery Tools • Internet History Tools • Image Viewers • E-mail Viewers • Password Cracking Tools • Open Source Tools • Mobile Device tools (PDA/Cell Phone) • Large Storage Analysis Tools

  8. Electronic Data Discovery Tools • Extract & Index Data • Create Electronic Images of Data • Search by Keyword or Document Similarity • Metadata • Author • Date Created & Updated • Email date sent, received

  9. More About Electronic Data Discovery Tools • Analyze data • Retrieve data from different media • Convert between different media and file formats • Extract text & data from documents • Create images of the documents • Print documents • Archive documents

  10. Internet History Tools • Reads Information in Complete History Database • Displays List of Visited Sites • Opens URLs in Internet Explorer • Adds URLs to Favorites • Copies URLs • Prints URLS • Saves Listing/Ranges as Text File

  11. Image & E-Mail Viewers • Views Files • Converts Files • Catalogs Files • Side by Side File Comparisons

  12. Password Cracking Tools • Password Recovery • Allows access to computers • 3 Methods to Crack Passwords • Dictionary Attack • Hybrid Attack • Brute Force Attack Source: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/s-crack/

  13. Open Source Tools • Free tools available to Computer Forensic Specialists • Cover entire scope of forensic tools in use • May more clearly and comprehensively meet the Daubert guidelines than closed source tools • Among the most widely used Source: http://software.newsforge.com/software/05/04/05/2052235.shtml?tid=129&tid=136&tid=147&tid=2&tid=132

  14. Mobile Device Tools • Number and variety of toolkits considerably more limited than for computers • Require examiner to have full access to device • Most tools focus on a single function • Deleted data remains on PDA until successful HotSync with computer Sources: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/nistir-7100-PDAForensics.pdf http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cgs5132/spring2002/presentation/weiss.ppt#5

  15. Provide a lower cost way to maximize the tools Typically include the most often used tools Parben The Coroner’s Toolkit (TCT) The Sleuth Kit (TSK) EnCase Forensic Toolkit (FTK) Maresware Forensic Tool Suites

  16. A Closer Look • EnCase • ByteBack • Forensic Toolkit • Maresware • Parben • Coroner’s Toolkit • The Sleuth Kit

  17. EnCase • Originally developed for law enforcement • Built around case management • Integrated Windows-based graphical user interface (GUI) • Multiple Features

  18. ByteBack • Cloning/Imaging • Automated File Recovery • Rebuild Partitions & Boot Records • Media Wipe • Media Editor • Software Write Block

  19. Forensic Toolkit (FTK) • Another Tool Suite • Acquires & Examines Electronic Data • Imaging Tool • File Viewer

  20. Maresware • Collection of Tool rather than Tool Suite • Main Difference – Tools are Stand-Alone & Called as Needed • 4 Notable Tools • Declasfy • Brandit • Bates_no • Upcopy

  21. Paraben • Collection of Stand-Alone Tools • Made up of 10 Individual Software Tool Sets • Purchased Separately, Price Break for Multiple Tool Purchases • Frequently Used with Mobile Devices

  22. Coroner’s Toolkit (TCT) • Open Source Tool Suite • Supports a Post-Mortem Analysis of Unix & Linux Systems • Written for Incident Response rather than Law Enforcement • Not Designed for Requirements to Produce & Prosecute

  23. The Sleuth Kit (TSK) • Open-Source Software Suite • Built on TCT • Collection of Command-Line Tools • Provides Media Management & Forensic Analysis • Core Toolkit Consists of 6 Tools

  24. Hardware Acquisition Tools • Various Hardware & Software platforms • Collect Data • Process Data • Save Data • Display Data in Meaningful Manner

  25. Forensic Hardware • Workstations - Copy & Analysis • Drive Imaging System • Drive Wiper • Bridge • Write Blocker • SATA, SCSI, IDE, USB Imaging Device SCSI Bridge

  26. Tool Costs • Workstations starting at $5,000 • Bridges starting at $200 • Drive Wipers starting at $1000 • Wide assortment of special cables and hardware accessories vary in price • Software – Free (Open Source) to over $1000

  27. Choosing Your Forensic Toolkit • Expected Types of Investigations • Internal Reporting • Prosecution • Operating Systems • Budget • Technical Skill • Role • Law Enforcement • Private Organization

  28. Prepare to Tool Up • Make Lists • Don’t Overbuy • Overlapping Tools • No One-Size Fits All • Training

  29. References Computer Forensics Jump Start. Michael G. Solomon, Diane Barret & Neil Broom. Sybex, San Francisco 2005 Hacking Exposed – Computer Forensics. Chris Davis, Aaron Philipp & David Cowen. McGraw-Hill, New York 2005. Forensic and Investigative Accounting. D. Larry Crumbley, Lester E. Heitger & G. Stevenson Smith. CCH Inc., Chicago 2003

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