Disadvantages -What is their purpose?

1. Disadvantages -What is their purpose? -What benefit do they have over other approaches against affs?

2. It’s a narrative A story with a beginning and end Explains events to the judge in a coherent way Disrupts the image of the world provided by the aff People are drawn to stories!!

3. Uniqueness What is it? Why is it necessary? Why does it come first? How broad is it?

4. An example disadvantage shell- where do we need to establish uniqueness The economy is improving now-latest indicators prove growth is increasing New Spending undermines growth and causes runaway spending Economic growth prevents instability that escalates to nuclear conflict

5. Links • Many link scenarios • Direct Opportunity Costs • Causal Chain of events -Always about the consequences of implementing the plan

6. Internal Link Most common with causal sequence of events-there is not just 1 step between link and impact Can be more than 1-hyper specific scenarios often involve multiple steps to realize the impact What are some examples of disadvantage arguments that have internal links? Do internal links have uniqueness? What effect on the impact do internal links have?

7. IMPACTS! The final consequence of the plan-the end result of the transition from status quo to the aff (from the neg’s perspective) What is the purpose of the impact? Components: Magnitude Probability Timeframe

8. Impact Comparison Each component has reasons the judge should prefer it over the others Why is magnitude most important? Probability? Timeframe? Remember the key word is COMPARISON-you have to get an accurate assessment of the affirmative impact Other factors: Impact inclusivity X Creates Y The impact short circuits the aff internal link (important)

9. Overviews Keep them short Keep them simple They are a set up, not a substantive component in the debate Embrace the idea of narrative, and explain it with structure!