Evolution Architecture Functional Proposal Abstract:

1. Evolution Architecture Functional Proposal Abstract: This contribution proposes a new architectural network element called an Access Gateway (AG). Source: Brent Hirschman, Sprint Nextel – brent.hirschman@sprint.com Jingyi Zhou, Verizon Wireless – Jingyi.Zhou@verizonwireless.com Date: December 4, 2006 Recommendation: Review and adopt proposal for AG. x30-20061204-006

2. Objectives of Evolved Architecture • Realize improvements in basic system performance • Provide higher data rates • Reduce communication delay • Improve communication quality – end to end QoS • Reduce connection set-up time • Provide separation of control signaling and transport paths from RAN to Core • Provide increased security and privacy for users and network • Support of a variety of access technologies • Seamless mobility across technologies • Maintain access control across technologies – authentication, authorization, privacy, charging • Service continuity across technologies – access to same service (e.g., IMS) • Improve Operations and Maintenance Capabilities • Reduce Complexity • Simplify Network Architecture • Encourage “Mix and Match” capabilities for RAN and IP vendors – preserve standardized open interfaces x30-20061204-006

3. Current Reference Architecture Interface Not Implemented Open Interface Interface Undefined x30-20061204-006

4. Current User Plane Protocol Stack TCP UDP TCP UDP IP/MIP IP/MIP IP/MIP IP PPP PPP RLP RLP GRE GRE RMI RMI Sub- layers of HRPD ATM ATM ATM ATM TCP/UDP TCP/UDP Sublayers of HRPD IP IP HRPD IP IP IP IP ATM ATM HDLC Ethernet Ethernet HDLC PHY PHY PHY PHY T1 PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY T1 T1 Ethernet IP over ATM IP over ATM IP over ATM IP Backhaul R-P (A10/A11) AT BTS Aggregation Router RNC PDSN/FA HA Application Server Evolution needs to consider the following operators’ goals: • Separation of access and IP networks • Simplification of RAN/PDS Interface • Minimize number of elements in bearer path and support low latency bearers • Standards based Interfaces in the RAN and at RAN/PDS interfaces • Leverage IP technology for backhaul and core networks • RAN Security considerations for privacy, confidentiality, Man-in-the-middle (MITM) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks • Support for both Home and Visited Network Control for IMS and other services x30-20061204-006

5. Proposed New User Plane Protocol Stack TCP UDP TCP UDP IP/MIP IP/MIP IP/MIP IP ROHC/Sec ROHC/Sec RLP RLP GRE GRE L2 L2 L2 L2 IP MAC IP MAC L2 L2 PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY IPGW Core AT NG-BTS Evolved RAN Architecture has the following features: • Centralized Layer 2 functions like paging, location management, and idle state management • Complete link layer stack in the NG-BTS to allow for cross-layer optimization in airlink protocol Evolved PDS Architecture has the following features: • ROHC and Ciphering (considered between link layer and IP layer) terminate in the PDS • PPP Free Operation • EAP Authentication mechanisms • Mechanisms to set up Low latency bearers for real-time services AT – Access Terminal NG BTS – Next Gen Base Terminal Station IP GW – IP Gateway x30-20061204-006

6. Proposed Edge Functional Element -Access Gateway AG – Access Gateway - This function is the Layer 3 terminating point for all bearer and signaling traffic entering the Core IP Network. It also supports the following functions: • AAA client • NAS (Network Access Server) device • IDS (Intrusion Detection System) access point • Hot-lining device • Prepaid client • Foreign Agent (FA) for MIPv4 • Network Mobility Agent for localized network mobility (NMA) • QoS enforcement point • Policy enforcement point • NFCC (Network Firewall Configuration and Control) packet filter • IAP (Intercept Access Point) (lawful Intercept) • ROHC (Robust Header Compression) x30-20061204-006

7. Lower Layer Termination Functionalities- Specific to an Access Technology There are two main aspects to this functional area: • Signaling – Mobility management (similar to the signaling management in current RNCs) above the radio layer (RLP) between Base stations served by the same Access Gateway. These functions include: • Paging and location– In a pure IP mobile network a paging controller function to locate mobiles when idle will be needed. • Idle Mode Termination – Some State information about the MS needs to be maintained by the network while the MS is in idle mode. • Bearer - Mobility management of the bearer flows to the Access Gateway. Tunnel establishment and tear-down between Base Stations and Access Gateway. Independence of the Signaling and Bearer functions is important. Separate standardized interfaces for Signaling and Bearer functional components are needed. Implementation scenarios are subject to operator’s preference. x30-20061204-006

8. Various Access Network Technologies Access Gateway IP Core Network IP Signaling and transport (e.g., SIP) AAA Policy and QoS AG Layer 3 Common Functions FA/NMA NAS device AAA Client QoS EP Lawful Intercept IAP Policy EP NFCC Packet Filter Prepaid Client Hot-lining device IDS/IPS Access Point ROHC Ciphering Other AGs, Legacy NEs (e.g., PDSNs, SGSN/GGSN) And new NEs (e.g., ASN-GW, PDIF) Signaling Management (S-RNC) Paging and Location Idle Mode Termination Std Interface Lower Layer Termination Point Support for Bearer Management Std Interface Std Interface x30-20061204-006

9. PDSN IP Gateway Current Access LLT (PPP/PFO) BS AP BTS Access Gateway – Supporting Current and Proposed Evolved Architecture AAA PCRF IP Core Network HA/BM Common Functions FA/NMA QoS EP NFCC Pkt Filter AAA Client Policy EP Prepaid Client Lawful Intercept IAP NAS Dev. Hot-lining device IDS/IPS ROHC Ciphering P-P’ P-P Non-trusted Access Proposed Access LLT PFO LLT (IP-Sec) A10/ A11 Bearer RNC S-RNC Signaling EV-DO Rev.A WiFi (802.11) EV-DO Rev.C x30-20061204-006

10. Current Access LLT (PPP/PFO) BTS BS AP BS BS Handoffs within and across Access Gateways Handoff DO-Rev.A – DO-Rev.C Handoff DO-Rev.C – DO-Rev.C In different AG Handoff DO-Rev.C – DO-Rev.C In the same AG Handoff DO-Rev.C – WLAN AG AG Layer 3 Layer 3 P-P’ Proposed Access Non-trusted Access Proposed Access LLT (IP-Sec) Bearer Mgmt Bearer Mgmt A10/ A11 Bearer RNC S-RNC S-RNC Signaling x30-20061204-006