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AS Module 1

AS Module 1. A: Voting Culture & Behavior B: Electoral Systems. Typical Exam Questions: Section A: Voting Behavior. Part a) consists of an 8 Mark Question that asks you to define terms such as: Volatility , Extremists , Apathy , Core Values Opinion Polls , Class-Based , political culture.

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AS Module 1

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  1. AS Module 1 A: Voting Culture & Behavior B: Electoral Systems

  2. Typical Exam Questions:Section A: Voting Behavior Part a) consists of an 8 Mark Question that asks you to define terms such as: Volatility , Extremists , Apathy , Core Values Opinion Polls , Class-Based , political culture. Part b) consists of a 22 Mark Question that asks you to discuss evidence of voting patterns: - Voting behavior is influenced more by political factors than by social ones, like class, age or gender. - Has Britain a ‘political culture’ or several distinctive political ‘cultures’? - How far can Campaigns or the Media win elections? - How can turnout influence the outcome of an election?

  3. Typical Exam Questions:Section B: Electoral Systems Part a) consists of an 8 Mark Question that asks you to define terms such as: Tactical Voting , Popular Vote , Threshold , Mandate , Proportional Representation , Referendum , Swing Part b) consists of a 22 Mark Question that asks you to discuss electoral systems or electoral reform: • Despite its unfairness, First-Past-The-Post voting produces strong and popular governments. Discuss. • How far do referendums make governments more responsive to popular opinion? • Assess the case in favor of electoral reform • Assess the advantages & disadvantages of PR

  4. AS Module 1: Unit OneWhat is Politics? 1 Key Questions: • What is ‘political activity’? • How do the people participate in politics? • What are the different levels of participation?

  5. AS Module 1: Unit OneWhat is Politics? 2 • Reading Ch1-P1 : What is politics? • Activity 1-1: What is politics? • Reading Ch1-P2: Political Activity • Activity 1-2: Political Activity • Reading Ch1-P3: Politics in the UK • Activity 1-3: The British political system • Activity 1-4: The Battle of Twyford Down

  6. AS Module 1: Unit OneWhat is Politics? 3 Key Ideas:

  7. AS Module 1: Unit OneWhat is Politics? 4

  8. AS Module 1 : Unit TwoParticipation in a Democracy 1 Key Questions: • What is a democracy? • What different kinds of democracy are there? • How does the British electoral system work?

  9. AS Module 1 : Unit TwoParticipation in a Democracy 2 • Reading Ch7-P1: Democracy • Activity 7-1: Different forms of democracy • Activity 7-2: Evolution of democracy • Reading Ch7-P2: Political participation • Activity 7-3: Political participation in the UK • Reading Ch7-P3: The electoral system • Activity 7-4: Elections in the UK

  10. AS Module 1 : Unit TwoParticipation in a Democracy 3 Key Ideas:

  11. AS Module 1 : Unit TwoParticipation in a Democracy 4

  12. AS Module 1 : Unit ThreeElections, Referenda & Reform 1 Key Questions: • How did the country vote in 1997? • How strong is the case for electoral reform? • What are the advantages & disadvantages of Majority & PR Systems of election? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of the leading systems, proposed for electoral reform? [ Majority: First Past Post AV, SV, 2nd Ballot. PR: Party List, Closed List, STV, Quota. Hybrid: AMS, AV+/ Top Up] • What are the advantages & disadvantages of Referenda?

  13. Module 1: Unit ThreeElections, Referenda & Reform 2 • Activity 7-5: 1997 Election campaign • Ch7-P4: Electoral Reform • Activity 7-7: Different Voting Systems • Activity 7-8: Electoral Reform • Reading Ch7-P3-7: Referendums • Activity 7-6: Referendums in the UK • Reference Activity 6-3: Voting in EU

  14. Module 1: Unit ThreeElections, Referenda & Reform 3 Key ideas:

  15. Module 1: Unit ThreeElections, Referenda & Reform4

  16. AS Module 1: Unit FourPolitical Culture & Social Class 1 Key Questions: • What is the Political Culture, into which electors are socialised? • What socio-economic factors govern the composition of the electorate? • How far are patterns in voting behavior still aligned with social class?

  17. AS Module 1 : Unit FourPolitical Culture and Social Class 2 • Reading Ch5-P1: Social context & • political culture • Activity 5-1: Socialisation & culture • Reading Ch5-P2-1: Social factors • Activity 5-2: A classless society? • Reading Ch9-P1-1/2: Structures Model • Activity 9-1: Social class & Voting

  18. AS Module 1: Unit FourPolitical Culture & Social Class 3 Key Ideas:

  19. AS Module 1: Unit FourPolitical Culture & Social Class 4

  20. AS Module 1: Unit FourPolitical Culture & Social Class 5 Registrar General’s Classification 2001: • 1: Higher Managerial & Professional 1.1: Corporate Managers & Entrepreneurs 1.2: Higher Professionals • 2: Lower Managerial & Professional • 3: Intermediate White Collar & Supervisory • 4: Small employers & Own-Account workers • 5: Lower Supervisory, Non-Manual & Craft/Skilled • 6: Semi-Routine / Skilled, Low Paid & Public Service • 7: Routine / Unskilled manual, near minimum wage • 8: Never worked / Long term unemployed

  21. AS Module 1: Unit FourPolitical Culture & Social Class 6 Institute of Practitioners in Advertising: Class A : Higher managerial, administrative & professional Class B : Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional Class C1: Supervisory or clerical & Junior managerial, administrative & professional Class C2: Skilled manual workers Class D : Semi-skilled / unskilled manual Class E : Unemployed, widows,state pensioners, part-time, minimum earners

  22. AS Module 1 : Unit FiveNorth & South, Home & Abroad 1 Key Questions: • What are the regional variations in voting patterns? • What has been the effect of de-industrialisation on voting patterns? • How has the political role and influence of Trade Unions changed, in recent years? • What impact has membership of the EU had on voting patterns? • How does Britain’s wider role in the world impact on political issues and attitudes?

  23. AS Module 1: Unit FiveNorth & South, Home & Abroad 2 • Reading Ch5-P3: Social impact of • Economic change • Reading Ch9-P1-3: North/South divide • Activity 5-5: De-industrialisation • Activity 5-6: Unions in the 1900’s • Reading Ch6-P12 & 3: E. Union Context • Reading Ch6-P4: Globalisation

  24. AS Module 1: Unit FiveNorth & South, Home & Abroad 3 Key Ideas:

  25. AS Module 1: Unit FiveNorth & South, Home & Abroad 4

  26. AS Module 1: Unit SixAge, Gender, Religion, Ethnicity 1 Key Questions: • What social factors, other than class, might influence the behavior of voters? • How far do the voting habits of [any one of four] reflect those of the electorate generally? • What are the political and social factors influencing the voting habits of [any of the four]? • Explain why, in researching voting behavior, it is difficult to be sure which of the variables is determinative.

  27. AS Module 1: Unit SixAge, Gender, Religion &Ethnicity 2 • Reading Ch5-P2: Gender • Activity 5-3: Women in the late 1900’s • Reading Ch5-P2-3: Ethnicity • Activity 5-4: Racism in Britain • Reading Ch9-P1-3: Age, Religion and • Ethnicity • Reading Page 205 Youth • Reference: Ch11-P1 & Ch11-P2-3/4/5: Black/Female Councillors/MPs

  28. AS Module 1: Unit SixAge, Gender, Religion, Ethnicity 3 Key Ideas:

  29. AS Module 1: Unit SixAge, Gender, Religion, Ethnicity 4

  30. AS Module 1: Unit SevenParty Loyalty and Choice 1 Key Questions: • Are political or social factors more important in determining voting behavior? • Why do people identify themselves as supporters of a political party? • Has De-alignment led to an increased volatility in the electorate? • Do people vote according to rational criteria [issues, ideology, perceptions of competence or the appeal of a leader] do they act from loyalty to a particular class or party?

  31. AS Module 1: Unit SevenParty Loyalty & Choice 2 • Reading Ch9-P2: Party Identification • Model • Activity 9-3: Party Identification Model • Reading Ch9-3: Rational Choice Model • Activity 9-4: Rational Choice Model

  32. AS Module 1: Unit SevenParty Loyalty and Choice 3 Key Ideas:

  33. AS Module 1: Unit SevenParty Loyalty and Choice 4

  34. AS Module 1: Unit EightInfluence of Media & Polls 1 Key Questions: • Evaluate the Dominant Ideology Model of voting behavior. • To what extent can the Media be shown to have affected the short term or long term voting behavior of the British electorate? • How useful are opinion polls in predicting the outcome of an election? • How far can opinion polls actually influence the outcome of an election?

  35. AS Module One : Unit EightInfluence of Media & Polls • Reading Ch9-P4-1/2: Dominant • Ideology Model • Activity 9-5: Dominant ideology Model • Extension Ch19: Political Information • and the Media • Activity 19-2: Press and 1997 Election • Reading CH9-P4-3: Opinion Polls • Activity 9-6: Opinion Polls

  36. AS Module 1: Unit EightInfluence of Media & Polls 3 Key Ideas:

  37. AS Module 1: Unit EightInfluence of Media & Polls 4

  38. AS Module 1: Unit NineVoting Context & General Model 1 Key Questions: • What are the causes and significance of variations in turnout and abstention at general elections? • What are the causes and significance of Third Party or Tactical voting? • How far does the effectiveness of a party’s election campaign determine the outcome of the election? • Evaluate Miller’s General Model of voting behavior.

  39. AS Module 1 : Unit NineVoting Context & General Model 2 • Reading Ch9-P5: Voting Context Model • Activity 9-7: The Voting Context • Reading Ch9-P6: General Model • Activity 9-8: A General Model of Voting

  40. AS Module 1: Unit NineVoting Context & General Model 3 Key Ideas:

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