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Governance and Ethics. Corporate Governance. The separation of ownership and control creates an agency problem in modern corporations What does this mean? This has given rise to a host of governance mechanisms Some ideas Regulation SEC, NYSE, GAAP, Sarbanes Oxley Fear of takeover
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Corporate Governance • The separation of ownership and control creates an agency problem in modern corporations • What does this mean? • This has given rise to a host of governance mechanisms • Some ideas • Regulation • SEC, NYSE, GAAP, Sarbanes Oxley • Fear of takeover • Large bloc holdings • Is the answer more wealthy people?
Governance Mechanisms • Boards • Separation of CEO and Chairman • Independent vs Executive Directors • Role of audit and compensation committees • The average US CEO earns 400-500 times the salary of an average production worker • The figure was 107x in 1990 and 42x in 1982 • Is the system working?
Governance Mechanisms • Incentives • Stock options • Indexed stock options • Bonuses • ESOPs • Promotion systems • Tournament model • Tenure • CEO compensation • Balanced Scorecard
Shareholders vs Stakeholders • Milton Friedman • the business of business is business • anything within the law is legitimate • Society can always change laws if they disapprove of behavior • What if business controls the lawmakers? • Instrumentalism • Pursuit of profit in line with societal expectations • Corporate Responsibility
Ethics • Utilitarianism • On li’l orphans • Tyranny of the majority • Rights Model • Which bill of rights? • Justice Model (Rawls) • Liberty, opportunity, income, wealth, and self-respect - are to be distributed equally unless an unequal distribution of any or all of these goods is to the advantage of the least favored. • The concept of the veil of ignorance
Ethics and Strategy • Ethical decision • One that typical stakeholders would find acceptable because it aids stakeholders, the organization, or society • Unethical decision • One that a manager would prefer to disguise or hide because it enables a company or individual to gain at the expense of society or other stakeholders
Thinking Through Ethical Problems • Does my decision fall within the accepted values or standards that typically apply in the organizational environment? • Am I willing to see the decision communicated publicly to all stakeholders affected by it? • Would the people with whom I have a significant personal relationship approve of the decision?
Approaches to Change Approaches to correcting poor performance.
Exercises • Stakeholder Claims • Al Dunlap