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Perspectives on Language

Perspectives on Language. EN 620. Websites for professional organizations. Linguistic Society of America ( http://www.lsadc.org ) American Association for Applied Linguistics ( http://www.aaal.org ) Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) ( http://www.cal.org )

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Perspectives on Language

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  1. Perspectives on Language EN 620

  2. Websites for professional organizations • Linguistic Society of America (http://www.lsadc.org) • American Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.aaal.org) • Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) (http://www.cal.org) • International Pragmatics Association (http://www.ipra.org) • American Dialect Society (http://www.americandialect.org) • Others?

  3. Gorgas Reference • Guides to the world’s languages • Quirk: “Comprehensive Grammar of English” • Oxford English Dictionary online (http://dictionary.oed.com/entrance.dtl) • Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics

  4. Gorgas Reference • LLBA: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts • MLA: Modern Language Association International Bibliography • (http://www.lib.ua.edu/resources/databases)

  5. Important journals • Language • Language in Society • Journal of Applied Linguistics • Journal of Pragmatics • Journal of Sociolinguistics (http://www.lib.ua.edu/resources/ejournals)

  6. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 2: “The equality of languages” • The meaning of “equality” in this context • The myth of “primitive” languages • The myth of the “natural superiority” of certain languages

  7. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 3: “The magic of language” • The belief that words control objects, people, and spirits (charms……….advertising) • Link to religion • Verbal taboos (sex, the supernatural, excretion, death): euphemism and circumlocution • Proper names

  8. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 4: “The functions of language” • The communication of ideas (“referential/propositional/ideational”) • Emotional expression • Social interaction • The power of sound • The control of reality • Recording the facts • The instrument of thought • The expression of identity

  9. “Language and the Human Species”Burling, Chap. 16 • Animal and human communication • Signing apes • Human nonverbal communication • Fossils and brains • Language in an evolving species • The earliest language and growing complexity • Linguistic evidence • Language and cognition • The effects of language

  10. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 64: “Language and other communication systems” • Definitions of language • “design features of communication”: • Auditory-vocal channel • Broadcast transmission and directional reception • Rapid fading • Interchangeability • Total feedback • Specialization • Arbitrariness • Discreteness • Displacement • Productivity • Traditional transmission • Duality of patterning

  11. “The Uses of Language”Burling, Chap. 1 • Communication and Cognition • A Lexicon: Words • Syntax: Ways of Joining Words • Phonology: Ways of Distinguishing among Words Learnability Adaptability

  12. Leech & Svartvik: ACommunicative Grammar of English(second edition) • Part One: A guide to the use of this book • The way this book is organized • Varieties of English • Grammar in spoken and written English • Intonation • A note on phonetic symbols • Geographical and national varieties • Levels of usage: formal and informal English

  13. Mc Crum, Cran, & MacNeil: The Story of English (latest edition) • Introduction • Recordings of spoken language • “the English languages” • Everyday language • The pervasiveness of change • A particular “genius” of the language? • How to popularize/academic consultants • A sense of “place” • The choice of the word “variety” over dialect

  14. The Story of English: Chap. 1“An English-Speaking World” • English as a global language • The British Empire • The American Empire • Forces of standardization and localization • Accent: RP and “Network Standard” • New Englishes? • Assets? (1) lack of grammatical gender on nouns, (2) simple and flexible grammar, (3) enormous vocabulary

  15. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 19: “Names” (“onomastics”) • Personal names: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics---social, cultural • Place names: motivations • Tuscaloosa • Longest Welsh place name

  16. “Language and Civilization”Burling, Chap. 17 • Writing • Writing and the urban revolution • The alphabet • Hangŭl writing of Korea • Printing and the modern era • The information age

  17. “Graphic Expression”Crystal, Chap. 32 • Japanese cornflakes example of 4 systems • The history of writing • Types of writing system • Non-phonological systems • Pictographic---ideographic • Cuneiform • Egyptian hieroglyphic • Logographic • Phonological systems • Syllabic • Alphabetic

  18. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language(second edition) • Chap. 31: “Written and spoken language” • Attitudes: writing supreme—speech supreme—compromise • Differences: relative permanence, availability of feedback, unique features (e.g. punctuation), restrictions in grammar and lexicon, level of formality • Mutual influence • Portraying the sound of speech: verbal description, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, type spacing and size, letter repetition, italics

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