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Supply Models. What are publishers offering and how can libraries access electronic journals and scholarly databases?. Objectives. To examine how libraries can access and be supplied with scholarly databases and e-journals To consider the problems associated with the supply of e-resources
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Supply Models What are publishers offering and how can libraries access electronic journals and scholarly databases?
Objectives • To examine how libraries can access and be supplied with scholarly databases and e-journals • To consider the problems associated with the supply of e-resources • To look at potential areas of future development
Many groups supply electronic resources including: • Aggregators—e.g. OCLC’s Electronic Collections Online (ECO), Ingenta Journals, EBSCO Online • Publishers—e.g. Elsevier, MCB University Press • Learned Societies—e.g. Institute of Physics, Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)
Supply models • Single user • Multiple users • Single site • Multiple site • Country wide Usually for a defined period (1-3 years)
Supply models for databases may be • Subscription based: • Site license • Restricted number of seats • Negotiated at institutional level • Negotiated at national, regional or sector level through governmental, educational or sector organisations or consortia
Supply models for e-journals may be • Single user: access only available to individuals with a personal subscription • Free, or with a small surcharge, to libraries with the print version • Publisher provides all their e-journals as a package at a cost based on level of print subscriptions • Supplied as a package through consortia deals e.g. CURL (http://www.curl.ac.uk/)
Access and authentication • There are two main authentication access control mechanisms: • IP address • Passwords • Combination of the above • Additionally, pay-per-view is available and growing
Advantages of IP address • Seamless access: direct recognition of institutional networks by publishers and vice versa • Usage statistics for the institution • Greater security • Preferred by publishers
Concerns • Cost of e-journals—commercial interests • Loss of journal back files • Loss of control over the resource—titles may suddenly disappear from a package of e-journals • Libraries want to be able to cancel print journals but often the licence agreement does not allow them to. • Management issues • staff time dealing with complexity of e-resources
Possible future developments • Most HE libraries are committed to developing e-learning environments • Library holdings of electronic journals will increase and holdings of print journals will decrease • Shelf space and staff costs are seen as one of the key areas of concern • Attempts are being made to encourage alternative methods of scientific communication - e.g. e-prints, SPARC (http://www.arl.org/sparc/)
Future developments cont… • Libraries and publishers are working together to establish pricing models based on usage • Pay-per-view has potential • Especially when micro-payments become reality • New roles for librarians are emerging - e.g. the “Electronic Resources Co-ordinator”
Summary • A range of supply models are available • They all have advantages and disadvantages • Suppliers (most often publishers) may have different drives/priorities to libraries • This whole area is developing rapidly and should be monitored • Country-wide access agreements would seem to provide the best option (when available at cost effective rates)
