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Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Growth of Empire. http:// www.youtube.com / watch?v =v_NPgMMazF4. I. Introduction to the Mongols A . Mongols ended/interrupted many great postclassical empires B . Extended world network – foundation for interaction on global scale

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Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

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  1. Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

  2. Growth of Empire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_NPgMMazF4

  3. I. Introduction to the Mongols • A. Mongols ended/interrupted many great postclassical empires • B. Extended world network – foundation for interaction on global scale • C. Forged mightiest war machine • D. Four khanates – sons divided • 1. Ruled for 150 years • 2. Last time nomadic peoples dominated sedentary peoples • E. Paradox of rule – fierce fighters vs. tolerant/peaceful leaders • F. Russia controlled by Khanate of Golden Horde

  4. II. The Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan • A. Who were the Mongols? • 1. Nomadic world – excellent horsemen & archers • a. Lived on herds – meat, milk, traded hides for grain/vegetables • b. Children ride and use bow from early age • 2. Originated in Asian Steppe - Cen. Asian plains • 3. Political organization • a. Like Bedouins – kin/clan based – combined in confederations when needed • 4. Traditional religion = Shamanism - animistic • 5. Unified 1st by Genghis Khan = Mongol Empire • a. established capital at Karakoram = power shift to E.Asia

  5. III. Mongol Habit of Cultural Adaptation • A. Mongols Borrowed Culture • 1. written lang. from Turks • 2. law code from China • 3. paper currency from China • 4. new religious beliefs = Buddhism + Islam + Christianity

  6. IV. The Mongol War Machine A. Genghis Khan’s leadership 1. organization, discipline, unity 2. directed fighting spirit toward conquest B. Tumens(divisions) = 10,000 men each C. New weapons – flaming arrows, gunpowder, siege weapons D. Superior tactics - trick enemy to attack; then surround & attack flanks E. Superior skills - Horsemanship and archery skills unmatched F. Conquer from China to E. Europe G. Few areas out of reach - Mongol failures: 1. W. Europe 2. Japan – failed twice 3. NE. Africa - defeated by Mamluks 4. India – Delhi Sultanate http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mongol_Empire_map.gif/300px-Mongol_Empire_map.gif

  7. Mongol Empire at death of Genghis Khan - 1227

  8. Expansion of Empire after Genghis Khan

  9. V. Impacts of the Mongols • A. Silk Road trade reopened/revitalized • 1. SR cities like Samarkand and Bukhara flourished • 2. International contacts increased • B. PaxMongolica • 1. Single political authority across vast territory • 2. Many conquered peoples left to govern themselves • 3. Increased safety through Central Asia • C. Bubonic Plague “Black Death” • 1. Spreads west through Mongol world • 2. Devastates Asia and European pop.

  10. Black Death Spreads Across Mongol Empire to Europe

  11. The Geography of the Mongol Empire Describe in detail the geographic extent of the Mongol Empire (map 1). Which large regions of Asia generally escaped Mongol rule? Provide some possible explanation for each region (map 1). What role/s do you think the Steppes played in the creation of the Mongol Empire (map 2)? Why do you think Japan avoided invasion? North Africa? 1. 2.

  12. Briefly summarize (note form) Mongol economic contributions in each region, & create an image representing that contribution. Mongol Commerce in China and Persia China Persia

  13. Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khan finished conquering the Song dynasty in 1276 • Launched two failed invasions of Japan • New Social Hierarchy • Mongols; foreigners; northern Chinese; Southern Chinese • Ended exam system • Favored merchants & peasants over elites

  14. Fall of Yuan Dynasty – End of Mongol rule in China - After Kublai Khan’s death - Loss of focus on ruling - White Lotus Sect leads successful rebellion - Rebel leader founds Ming Dynasty

  15. Mongols too few in number Mongol rule resented Increase use of firearms Overall Decline of the Mongols

  16. Yuan Social Policies • Mongols could not settle in China • Outlawed intermarriage • Promoted Buddhism & supported Daoism • Mongol women refused to adopt Chinese customs • Retained influential status • Resisted footbinding

  17. VI. Last of Mongol Leaders • A. Timur –ilang = Timuror Tamerlane • 1. Attempted to repeat conquests of G. Khan • 2. Conquered Cen. Asia, Persia, N. India, S. Russia + parts of Mid. East. • 3. Expansion ends with Timur’s death • 4. Decendents ruled Cen. Asia (Samarkand & Bukhara) until 1500’s

  18. Uprisings and protests among Chinese Scholars After Kublai Khan’s death: loss of focus on ruling Decline of Mongol rule in China Fall of Yuan Dynasty Frequent rebellions against Mongol rule Actions/efforts of White Lotus Sect

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