Types of Claims

1. Types of Claims By: haley stuckey

2. CLAIMS A claim is the conclusion, or idea you want your audience to accept Three types of claims Fact Value Policy

3. Claims of Fact • Make statements about something real • They can be proven correct or incorrect • Argumentation based on claims of facts rely on the claim’s accuracy • Can relate them to Past, Present, or Future • Past: refers to events occuring in near or distant past • Present: refers to facts describing the current state • Future: refers to predictions

4. Claims of Fact: The price of college tuition has greatly increased in the last ten years Airport security has tightened since September 11, 2001 Before the turn of the century the United States will no longer be dependent on foreign oil sources. EXAMPLE

5. Make relative judgemets about what is good or bad, right or wrong, just or unjust, moral or immoral. They cannot be verified Four types of Values: Artistic Moral Political Pragmatic Members of societies often hold similar values Some values hold more importance than others Claims of Value

6. Claims of Value: Van Gogh’s paintings were beautiful Abortion is morally wrong. Thomas Paine’s “Liberty is more precious than life” Getting rid of open campus at U-High is impractical To support these claims you would use other types of claims including perhaps other claims of value. EXAMPLE

7. Make a statement about what should be done or how something should be done Suggest a course of action Used to persuade audience Often rely on claims of fact or value for support Claims of Policy

8. Claims of Policy: The federal government should decrease taxes to improve the economy The number of foreign language credits required to graduate needs to be increased at U-High. Bloomington-Normal should lift the smoking ban EXAMPLE

9. Support any claim with another to strengthen your argument Each type of claim is dependent upon the others for support Overlap of Claims

10. Claim of Policy: The number of foreign language credits required to graduate needs to be increased at U-High. Support: The number of foreign language credits required for acceptance to most schools is greater than the two credits required at U-High. (Claim of Fact) Reasoning: Getting into a good college is important to U-High students. (Claim of Value) EXAMPLE

11. Quick Quiz

12. Question 1: What are the three types of claims? Answer: • Claims of fact, value, and policy

13. Question 2: What are the four types of claims of value? Answer: • Artistic, Moral, Political, and Pragmatic Claims of Value

14. Question 3: True or False, the three types of claims are never used together? Answer: • False: they are used to support each other’s reasoning.