1 / 8

Basics

Basics . Science. Science. Initial Observation/Question of Interest Hypothesis (little “t” theory) Experimental Observation (measurements) Results/Analysis Conclusions/New Questions of Interest Replication Repetition Other Results. BIG “T” THEORY. Observations.

midori
Download Presentation

Basics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Basics Science

  2. Science • Initial Observation/Question of Interest • Hypothesis (little “t” theory) • Experimental Observation (measurements) • Results/Analysis • Conclusions/New Questions of Interest • Replication • Repetition • Other Results BIG “T” THEORY

  3. Observations • Can initially be uniform but eventually must be systematic • Audubon Christmas bird count • m2, transects, dbh, etc. • Otherwise Anecdotal with high potential for bias

  4. Hypotheses • Little “t” theory • This is what I think is happening • Can be several hypotheses working together in the same experiment/observations • Null hypothesis is related to statistics, but serves an important function: • Any Hypothesis, theory or Theory must be able to be disproved to be scientific • You can only disprove, not (ultimately) prove a hypothesis “No amount of experimentation can prove me right, a single experiment can prove me wrong…” Einstein

  5. Experimental Observations • Make observations and/or measurements that address your hypothesis and question of interest • Three Main Types of Experiment (for us) • Control Treatment Replicate (CTR) • Retrospective • Natural Experiment • Typical Assumptions • Measuring something pertinent to your hypothesis • Measuring correctly

  6. Results/Analysis • Replicable • Prove or disprove (or indicate) hypothesis • In Reconstructing the Past, Several Issues: • Coincidence of Indicators Important • No Direct Observation • Record Erasure • Assumptions • Proxy Variables/Models • New Questions Generated • Bias an Issue, Objectivity a Goal • What Questions Asked • How Addressed • Hopefully, the Scientific Process is not (too) Biased

  7. Theory • Many questions answered similarly: Theory • Theory => Law • Law of Gravity • Law of Evolution • Relativity • Law of Osmosis • Testing Hypothesis to generate initial facts: Deduction • Using multiple tested outcomes to generate Theory: Induction

  8. IN SCIENCE, ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE OPEN TO CHALLENGE

More Related