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Bio 344 Molecular Biology Old web site: www.sbs.utexas.edu/herrin/bio344/

Bio 344 Molecular Biology Old web site: www.sbs.utexas.edu/herrin/bio344/. Suggestions for success. Read the book as much as you can. Print out the slides (1-2/page) and bring them to lecture. Take additional notes on the slides in lecture (or tape the lecture).

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Bio 344 Molecular Biology Old web site: www.sbs.utexas.edu/herrin/bio344/

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  1. Bio 344 Molecular Biology Old web site: www.sbs.utexas.edu/herrin/bio344/

  2. Suggestions for success • Read the book as much as you can. • Print out the slides (1-2/page) and bring them to lecture. • Take additional notes on the slides in lecture (or tape the lecture). • Go to Discussion Sections to ask questions, and take quizzes to test your understanding and knowledge. • Don’t wait until the day before the exam to cram.

  3. Molecular Biology - what’s in a name? “Molecular Biology” was born in the middle part of the last century as a new discipline focused on understanding the molecular basis of the most fundamental of life processes – those involving the reproduction and expression of geneticinformation.

  4. Molecular Biology Timeline 1869 DNA discovered by F. Meischer 1910 Genes on chromosomes; T.H. Morgan 1941 One gene-one enzyme, Beadle & Tatum 1944 DNA is genetic material; Avery, Mcleod& McCarty 1953 Structure of DNA; Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins 1961 Discovery of mRNA; Brenner, Jacob & Meselson 1966 Finished unraveling the code; Nirenberg & Khorana 1972 Recombinant DNA made in vitro; P. Berg DNA cloned on a plasmid; H. Boyer & S. Cohen 1973 1973 Discovery of reverse transcriptase; H. Temin 1977 Rapid DNA sequencing; F. Sanger & W. Gilbert 1977 Discovery of split genes; Sharp, Roberts et al. 1982 Discovery of ribozymes; T. Cech & S. Altman 1986 Creation of PCR; K. Mullis et al. Human Genome Project; Venter, Collins and many others 2001

  5. The modern framework of Molecular Biology Processing Transcription Translation DNApreRNARNAProtein Replication &Repair folding assembly processing DNA RNAs and proteins mediate these processes.

  6. Molecular Evolution • What was the first informational macromolecule? • Proteins ? • DNA ? • RNA ? • Macromolecule no longer used in modern cells ? RNA is the only currently-used macromolecule that is both a carrier of genetic information and an enzyme.

  7. The RNA World • The “RNA world” hypothesis posits that there was a stage early in the early evolution of life that was dominated by RNA. • Corollary: the functions of RNA in modern cells are only remnants of its previous roles.

  8. Possible remnants of the RNA World • Self-splicing introns • Rnase P (ribozyme that cleaves tRNA precursors) • Self-cleaving viral RNAs • Peptidyl transferase in the ribosome • Nucleotides (ribo) involved in: • metabolism (e.g., ATP, UTP, NADH, NADPH) • signaling (cAMP, cGMP, GTP, ITP) • assembly of complexes (GTP and ATP) • Energy for motility, ion pumping, etc. (ATP, GTP)

  9. Molecular Biology & the Origin of Life • Can we reconstruct a living, reproducing cell from molecules using the tools & concepts of molecular biology?

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