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COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. Stuart A. Marks. Outline. Place Two stories to illustrate process and technical issues Significance of these stories Local wildlife trends (1989-2002) Some concluding remarks. PLACE- Central Luangwa Valley in Zambia.

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COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

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  1. COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Stuart A. Marks

  2. Outline • Place • Two stories to illustrate process and technical issues • Significance of these stories • Local wildlife trends (1989-2002) • Some concluding remarks

  3. PLACE- Central Luangwa Valley in Zambia

  4. Calling The Shots- on poaching an elephant Illustrates some local political/social processes Culling 50 Hippos- feeding the “community” Illustrates some technical/mgmt. issues TWO LOCAL STORIES

  5. On Poaching an Elephant (1) Background:Elements of story: Elephant shot, dies close to village, butchered by nearby residents

  6. On Poaching An Elephant(2) • Chief and Wildlife Police Officers (WPO) not in place • Residents respond according to tradition (collect meat for chief) and current rules (notify WPO) • Returning WPO accuse most visible (‘acting chief’ and Wildlife Sub-Authority leader) of killing elephant, torture, take to prison • At trial, case dismissed for lack of evidence

  7. On Poaching An Elephant(3) • Local WPO (“reformed poacher”) indicted, serves prison term, re-employed as WPO • Two years later, similar incident

  8. Significance: • Outsiders rarely aware of political/social process within “communities” • Multiple actors and interests over time/not “communities” • Actors influence decisions-made • Lack of trust in motivations of others

  9. A culling of HipposBackground:Elements of story: • Sell hippo meat, exchange for grains • Negotiated with Catholic Mission for transport both ways • Appointed local committee with safe guards • 12 hippos butchered; 3 trips to plateau to sell meat and return with grains • Potential revenue generating exercise, ended with costing community money • Outcome: profiteering and patronage

  10. Significance: • No rigorous methodology for setting quota • Chief plays important role in Sub-Authority • Nature of real constraints in linking wildlife conservation with local development • Who controls, who are main beneficiaries?

  11. Local Wildlife Trends1989-2002 • Counts began in 1960s • Based upon local knowledge and routines • No straight lines (different assumptions) • 1-3 local hunters • 10-12 timed transects/month • Range 5-10 hours each • 6 months during dry season

  12. Some Conclusions • Re-examine CBWM narrative • Refocus on the ground and actors • Reject universalistic claims either for or against CBWM • Understanding social differences, diverse institutions, and environmental processes allows for more strategic specificity in interventions

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