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EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I

EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I. Pertemuan IV : Perdagangan Internasional dalam konsep Ricardian Model. Ferry Prasetyia , SE., MAppEc. David Ricardo. Keunggulan Absolute vs. Comparative. Keunggulan Absolut

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EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I

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  1. EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I Pertemuan IV : PerdaganganInternasionaldalamkonsepRicardian Model Ferry Prasetyia, SE., MAppEc

  2. David Ricardo

  3. Keunggulan Absolute vs. Comparative • KeunggulanAbsolut • Negara A mempunyaikeunggulanabsolutbarang X jikasetiaptenagakerjadapatmemproduksilebihbanyakbarang X dibandingjikadiproduksidinegara lain. • KeunggulanKomparatif • Negara A mempunyaikeunggulankomparatifterhadapbarang X jikabiayakesempatan (opportunity cost) dariibarang X terhadapbarang Y lebihrendahdibandingdinegara lain

  4. Asumsikeunggulankomparatif • Duanegaradanduakomoditas • Tenagakerjadapatberpindahdalamsebuahnegaratetapitidakantaranegara • Nilaikomoditasditentukanolehkontentenagakerja • Tekonologitetaptetapiberbedaantarnegara • Biayaproduksikonstan, tidaktergantungkuantitas • Tidakadapenganggurantenagakerjadanpasartenagakerjabersifatpersaingansempurna • Tidakadatarifdanbiayatransportasi

  5. Sumber: Yarbrough, Yarbrough “International Trade”

  6. Ricardian Comparative Advantage • Jikadiasmumsikansetiapnegaramempunyai 120 tenagakerja • Tabeltersebutmenunjukannegaratanpaperdagangandanbisamengkombinasikanproduknya Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  7. Gains from Trade • Terjadiperdagangandenganterms of trade= 1W:1C • England spesialisasidalam clothes. • England ekporcloth kePortugal danmengimporwine. • Begitu pula denganportugal. Terdapat Mutual gains dariperdagangan. Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  8. KeunggulanKomparatif • Teknologi: (Biayakonstan) • aLX = # units of labor for 1 unit of X. (a*LXfor foreign) • aLY = # units of labor for 1 unit of Y. (a*LYfor foreign) • aLXqX + aLYqY = Ltotal(a*LXq*X + a*LYq*Y = L*total) • Selera: • Ditunjukanoleh indifference curves, UHuntukHome danUFuntukforeign. • Memaksimumkanutilitastergantungpadakonstrainproduksi yang dipengaruhiolehteknologidan endowment tenagakerja Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  9. L*/a*LY L/aLY aLX AF aLY UF AH UH L*/a*LX L/aLX Equilibrium in Autarky Y Y Home Foreign aLX/ aLY < a*LX /a*LY X X Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  10. Prices, Wages & Production DikutipdariVeitch (2005) • Prices, Wages, & Production • Let PX and PY be the price of each good. • Perfect competition implies wage to worker equals value of output produced, PX/aLX or PY/aLY • Labor mobility implies: • If PX/aLX > PY/aLY, or equivalently when PX/ PY > aLX /aLY then economy produces only X. • If PX/aLX < PY/aLY, or equivalently when PX/ PY < aLX /aLY then economy produces only Y. • In autarky, economy must produce both goods so relative prices of goods must equal their relative unit labor requirements, i.e. px = PX/ PY = aLX /aLY.

  11. QF L*/a*LY L/aLY CF CH AF U’F U’H UF AH UH QH L*/a*LX L/aLX Potential Gains from Trade Y Y Home Foreign X X Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  12. Foreign Exports Home Imports Home Exports Foreign Imports Equilibrium and Trade Equilibrium occurs at relative price that makes the two triangles equal Y Y Home Foreign QF L*/a*LY L/aLY CF AF CH U’F U’H UF AH UH QH X L/aLX L*/a*LX X Sumber: Veitch (2005)

  13. a*LX/a*LY RS 1 RD aLX/aLY 2 RD’ (L/aLX)/(L*/aLY) Relative Demand and Supply Relative Price of X PX/PY Relative Quantity of X (qX+ q*X)/(qY + q*Y) Sumber: Veitch (2005)

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