The Cardiorespiratory system

1. The Body’s Transport System The Cardiorespiratory system

2. The Cardiovascular System Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

3. The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. Blood contains cells that fight disease.

4. Delivering Needed Materials Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells. Blood also transports glucose cells use to produce energy.

5. Removing Waste Products The cardiovascular system removes wastes from cells. The waste product of carbon dioxide is passed from cells into the blood and carried to the lungs where it is exhaled.

6. Fighting Disease The cardiovascular system also transports cells that attack disease-causing microorganisms.

7. The Heart • The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels of the body. • In a year, the heart pumps enough blood to fill more than 30 competition size swimming pools.

8. Your Heart It is about the size of your fist. The heart lies beneath the sternum and inside the rib cage. It is made of cardiac muscle, which contracts over and over again without getting tired.

9. The Heart’s Structure • Has a right and left side. • Separated by a wall of tissue called the septum. • Each side has two compartments or chambers.

10. The Heart Atria • Each of two upper chamber of the heart are called atrium. • The pacemaker is located in the right atrium. • The pacemaker is a group of heart cells that send out a signal for the heart to beat.

11. The Ventricles of the Heart • Each lower chamber, called a ventricle, pumps blood out of the heart. • The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves. • A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards.

13. Patterns of Blood Flow • Flow of blood is like a figure 8 • Two loops cross at the heart • The first loop travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart • The blood is oxygen-poor therefore it is dark red.

14. Going to the Lungs • Large vessels branch into smaller ones • Capillaries are the site of gas exchange • Oxygen moves from the lungs into the capillaries • Carbon Dioxide moves from the capillaries to the lungs to be exhaled

15. To the Body and Back Left atrium fills with blood from the lungs Continues into left ventricle Blood is then pumped into the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Blood then flows to different parts of your body.

16. Back to the heart Blood vessels are in close contact with body cells Oxygen moves out of the blood and into body cells Carbon Dioxide passes from the body cells into the blood and back to the right atrium of the heart.

17. Types of Blood Vessels Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

18. Artery Structure Have very thick wall structure Can withstand enormous pressure of pumped blood Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and carry blood to the heart

19. Regulating Blood Flow The layer of muscle in the artery adjusts the amount of blood sent to the different organs.

20. Veins • Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. • The walls are much thinner than arteries. • Contraction of skeletal muscles help push the blood along • Valves prevent backflow • Breathing exerts squeezing pressure against veins forcing blood towards heart

21. Capillaries From the arteries, blood flows into tiny, narrow vessels called capillaries. Substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells. Capillaries are only one cell thick

22. Pulse • Your pulse is caused by the expansion and relaxation of the artery wall • The heart’s ventricles contract and send out a spurt of blood • This spurt causes the artery to expand • The artery walls relax after the spurt has passed on

23. Blood Pressure Blood pressure travelling through blood vessels exerts a force against the walls of the blood vessels. This is called blood pressure. Blood pressure decreases as blood moves away from the heart

24. Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure is measured with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer Blood is expressed in mmHg First # is when ventricles contract Second # is when ventricles relax

25. The Respiratory System The Respiratory System removes oxygen from the outside environment into the body. Carbon Dioxide and water are removed as waste products from the body.

26. Oxygen • The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells is called respiration. • Your cells cannot burn enough glucose without oxygen to keep you alive • Breathing is movement of air into and out of the

27. The Path of Air As air travels from the outside to the lungs, it passes through the nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.

28. The Nose Air enters here into the nasal cavities Mucus produced here warms the air and keeps lining from drying out Cilia sweep mucus into the throat, where it is swallowed

29. The Pharynx Air enters the pharynx or throat. Both the nose and the mouth connect to the pharynx

30. The Trachea • From the pharynx, air moves into the trachea, or windpipe • Composed of a series of cartilage rings • Lined with cilia and mucus, help sweeping mucus towards the pharynx • Epiglottis seals off trachea when swallowing to prevent choking

31. The Bronchi and Lungs Air moves from the trachea to the bronchi in the lungs Bronchi are passages that direct air into the lungs The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system

32. Bronchioles Each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles They resemble branches of a tree

33. Alveoli Alveoli are tiny sacs of lung tissue at the end of the bronchioles. These are specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.

34. Gas Exchange • Because the walls of both the alveoli and the capillaries are very thin, gases can easily diffuse through them. • Oxygen passes thru the alveolus then thru the capillary into the blood. • Carbon Dioxide passes from the blood, to the capillary and into the alveoli. • This is called gas exchange.

35. Gas Exchange and Pulmonary Circulation • Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again • Carbon Dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli and out the lungs • The blood that returns to the heart is rich in oxygen

36. Gas Exchange During gas exchange, oxygen moves from alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli

37. Surface area and Gas exchange • Your lungs can absorb a large amount of oxygen because of the large surface area of the alveoli. • 300 alveoli million in adult lungs • Able to supply needed oxygen during strenuous athletic performances

38. How You breathe!! • Controlled by muscles • Lungs surrounded by intercostal muscles • Diaphram is the large, dome-shaped muscle at the base of the lungs that contracts and relaxes during breathing

39. Breathing in!! When you inhale, the rib muscles contract, lifting the chest wall up and outward. The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.

40. Breathing out/Exhaling Rib muscles and diphragm relax Size of chest cavity is reduced Air is squeezed out of lungs