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Construction economics of sustainability

Construction economics of sustainability. Docent, Dr Arto Saari Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Construction Economics and Management Joint Seminar CEEC AEEBS SCS 13 th April 2007 Dublin. Construction projects in Finland. Main concern construction costs

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Construction economics of sustainability

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  1. Construction economics of sustainability Docent, Dr Arto SaariHelsinki University of TechnologyLaboratory of Construction Economics and Management Joint Seminar CEEC AEEBS SCS 13th April 2007 Dublin

  2. Construction projectsin Finland • Main concern construction costs • Good solutions from the viewpoint life cycle costs and ecology? • No has not been clear rules and procedures • Next will be presented results some studies conducted at Helsinki University of Technology Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  3. FLEXIBUILD Saari, A., Kruus, M., Hämäläinen, A, Kiiras, J., 2007. Flexibuild – a systematic flexibility management procedure for building projects, Facilities, 25 (3/4), 104-114. Saari, A., Kruus, M., Hämäläinen, A, Kiiras, J., 2006. Flexibuild – A systematic flexibility management procedure for building projects. CIB W70 Trondheim international symposium, Changing user demands on buildings – Needs for lifecycle planning and management, 12-14 June 2006, Tore I. Haugen, Anita Moum, Jan Bröhner (eds.), Trondheim, pp. 463-472. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  4. FLEXIBILE PROGRAMMING • Buildings are not programmed for a single known use but for a selected range of variation for users’ requirements Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  5. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  6. Greenhouse gases caused by a typical new Finnish apartment building during 50 years.Source: A. Saari, Environmental impacts of residential buildings, Rakennustieto Oy, 2000 (Finnish language), available in web: http://www.rts.fi/ekotieto.hml Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  7. Energy management in briefing and design phase Under Nordic conditions, the most effective way of having an impact on the greenhouse gases given off by building during its life cycle is to see that the energy consumption of building during use is reasonable. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  8. Project control procedure • Target setting in project planning phase • for construction costs • for energy consumption (in use phase) • Verifying the designs in design phase • construction costs • heating energy consumption (in use phase) • specific LCC-LCA analyses • Requirements concerning implementations Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  9. Case project 1: VVO/ASO/Viikki, Helsinki Jan. 2006 *) *) • Analysis: • Buildings are larger than targeted • Construction costs exceed • Heating energy consumption exceed *) Tenants can adjust the ventilation of their dwellings Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  10. Case project 1: VVO/ASO/Viikki, Helsinki Jan. 2006 *) *) • Analysis: • Ratio gr-m2/ap-m2 is poor • The bay depht of the building is low • Area of balconies is high *) Tenants can adjust the ventilation of their dwellings Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  11. Case project 2:Physics Department University of Helsinki An examle of the energy management in briefing and design phase of a construction project Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  12. Case project 2:A target consumption calculationin briefing phase Total 132 45 Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  13. Case project 2:A target vs. designs • Estimated heating energy consuption: kWh/gr.fl sqm/yr • target 132 • esimated from designs 161 • difference +29 (+22%) Estimated energy consumption is higher than the target set The reason for the exceeding must be analyzed Then the proposed designs must be developed Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  14. Case project 2:The results of cost management The researcher suggested the following measures: • The architectural designer should reduce the windowed area and look for glass-wall solutions of lower thermal transmittance. • The ventilation designer should check the dimensioning of the supply air devices and down­size them, if necessary. Results: • Designs were revised based on submitted development proposals. • Through the development of the design solution, the annual heating energy need was reduced from the 161 to 127 kWh/gr.fl.sqm. • Developed designs can be considered acceptable. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  15. An example ofeco-economical analysis Includes: • description of alternative design solutions • calculation of life cycle costs • calculation of environmental impacts • normalization and weighting of costs and impacts • ranked alternatives Source: Saari, A. A systematic control procedure for environmental burdens of building costruction projects. In Construction Economics and Organization, 2nd Nordic Conference, Göteborg 24-25 April 2001, pp. 107-115. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  16. An example of eco-economical analysis Comparison of facade lattice material: Alternative 1: galvanized steel Alternative 2: aluminium Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  17. An example of eco-economical analysis • Time horizon 50 years • Selected interest rate 4% • Repacement cycles: • steel lattice tree times per 50 years • aluminium lattice once per 50 years Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  18. An example of eco-economical analysis Sensitivity analysis: If interest rate is 1% or less, or if replacement cycle of steel lattice is four times, then LCC of aluminimum lattice become lower. Source: Saari, A. A systematic control procedure for environmental burdens of building costruction projects. In Construction Economics and Organization, 2nd Nordic Conference, Göteborg 24-25 April 2001, pp. 107-115. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  19. An example of eco-economical analysis The factors influencing the value: weight • Life-cycle costs 50 % • Use of non-renewable materials 5 % • Climatic warming (CO2 equiv.) 25 % • Acidification (SO2 equiv.) 10 % • Oxidants (ethene equiv.) 10 % The above weights serve as examples Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  20. An example of eco-economical analysis Source: Saari, A. A systematic control procedure for environmental burdens of building costruction projects. In Construction Economics and Organization, 2nd Nordic Conference, Göteborg 24-25 April 2001, pp. 107-115. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  21. An example of eco-economical analysis reference level weights rating of alternatives Source: Saari, A. A systematic control procedure for environmental burdens of building costruction projects. In Construction Economics and Organization, 2nd Nordic Conference, Göteborg 24-25 April 2001, pp. 107-115. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  22. An example ofSocio-economic analysis The aim of this study was to examine changes in the overall costs of an office when the efficiency of space use is increased. The variable in the examination was a space index, calculated as the floor area per employee. The quality of indoor climate was also a variable in the analysis. Source: Arto Saari, Topi Tissari, Esko Valkama and Olli Seppänen (2006). The effect of a redesigned floor plan, occupant density and the quality of indoor climate on the cost of space, productivity and sick leave in an office building–A case study, Building and Environment, Volume 41 (12), 1961-1972. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  23. Initial plan (1) Open plan office (3) Cell office (2) Saari, Tissari, Valkama, Seppänen 2006 Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  24. An example of socio-economic analysisModels Seppänen, Fisk, Faulkner 2003 Saari, Tissari, Valkama, Seppänen 2006 Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  25. Arto Saari, Topi Tissari, Esko Valkama and Olli Seppänen (2006). The effect of a redesigned floor plan, occupant density and the quality of indoor climate on the cost of space, productivity and sick leave in an office building–A case study, Building and Environment, Volume 41 (12), 1961-1972. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  26. An example of socio-economic analysisResults The overall cost analysis of a given case building showed that when space use is boosted significantly, measures must be taken to guarantee a sufficient quality of indoor climate. The study indicates that investment in the quality of indoor climate is cost effective when the economic effect of indoor climate to health and productivity are taken into account in addition to the costs of investment, operation and maintenance. Insufficient ventilation without mechanical cooling may cause a substantial loss of productivity. The importance of good ventilation and air-conditioning increases with a more efficient use of space especially in conjunction with high value of work. Source: Arto Saari, Topi Tissari, Esko Valkama and Olli Seppänen (2006). The effect of a redesigned floor plan, occupant density and the quality of indoor climate on the cost of space, productivity and sick leave in an office building–A case study, Building and Environment, Volume 41 (12), 1961-1972. Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

  27. Contact: Dr Arto Saari Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Construction Economics Box 2100 02015 TKK Finland Tel. +358 9 4511 E-mail: firstname.surname@tkk.fi Arto Saari, 13 April 2007

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